ASTM F2516-07e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tension tests provide information on the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
Tension tests, as described in this test method, also provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Terminology F 2005, of the material at the test temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelastic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods of determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation:F2516–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Referenced Documents were updated editorially in April 2008.
1. Scope Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Impulse Excitation of
Vibration
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelas-
F 2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
tic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods
Alloys
of determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau
strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to tension
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
testing appearing in TerminologyE6 and the terms relating to
standard.
nickel-titanium shape memory alloys appearing in Terminol-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ogyF 2005shallbeconsideredasapplyingtothetermsusedin
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
this test method.Additional terms being defined are as follows
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(see Fig. 1):
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.1 lower plateau strength (LPS)—the stress at 2.5 %
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strain during unloading of the sample, after loading to 6 %
2. Referenced Documents strain.
2
3.1.2 residual elongation, El [%]—the difference between
r
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during unloading and the strain
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
at a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
ing
3.1.3 uniform elongation, El [%]—the elongation deter-
u
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
mined at the maximum force sustained by the test piece just
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
prior to necking, or fracture, or both.
someter Systems
3.1.4 upper plateau strength (UPS)—the stress at 3 % strain
E 111 TestMethodforYoung’sModulus,TangentModulus,
during loading of the sample.
and Chord Modulus
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
4. Summary of Test Method
ASTM Test Methods
4.1 Using conventional tensile testing apparatus, the mate-
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
rial is pulled to 6 % strain, then unloaded to less than 7 MPa,
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
then pulled to failure.
E 1876 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.2 Tension tests, as described in this test method, also
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Ter-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 2516 – 06.
minology F 2005, of the material at the test temperature.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Apparatus
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.1 Apparatus is as described in Test MethodsE8.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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F2516–07
8.1.5 Upper plateau strength shall be determined as the
value of the stress at a strain of 3.0 % during the initial loading
of the specimen.
8.1.6 Lower plateau strength shall be determined as the
value of the stress at a strain of 2.5 % during the unloading of
the specimen.
8.1.7 Residual elongation shall be determined by the differ-
encebetweenthestrainatastressof7.0MPaduringunloading
and the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
8.1.8 The uniform elongation shall be determined by elon-
gation when the maximum force is reached just prior to
necking or fracture, or both.
9. Report
9.1 The report shall include the following information,
unless otherwise specified:
9.1.1 Material and sample identification,
FIG. 1 Terms Illustrated on Typical Stress-Strain Diagram o
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
Designation:F2516–06 Designation:F2516–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Tension Testing of Nickel-Titanium Superelastic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Referenced Documents were updated editorially in April 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the tension testing of superelastic nickel-titanium (nitinol) materials, specifically the methods of
determination of upper plateau strength, lower plateau strength, residual elongation, tensile strength, and elongation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E 111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1875 1876 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio by Sonic Resonance Impulse
Excitation of Vibration
F 2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions of terms relating to tension testing appearing in Terminology E 6 and the terms relating to
nickel-titanium shape memory alloys appearing in Terminology F 2005 shall be considered as applying to the terms used in this
test method. Additional terms being defined are as follows (see Fig. 1):
3.1.1 lower plateau strength (LPS)—the stress at 2.5 % strain during unloading of the sample, after loading to 6 % strain.
3.1.2 residual elongation, El [%] —the difference between the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during unloading and the strain at
r
a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
3.1.3 uniform elongation, El [%]—the elongation determined at the maximum force sustained by the test piece just prior to
u
necking, or fracture, or both.
3.1.4 upper plateau strength (UPS)—the stress at 3 % strain during loading of the sample.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Using conventional tensile testing apparatus, the material is pulled to 6 % strain, then unloaded to less than 7 MPa, then
pulled to failure.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Tension tests provide information ofon the strength and ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses.
5.2 Tension tests, as described in this test method, also provide information on the superelasticity, as defined in Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved JuneDec. 1, 2006.2007. Published June 2006.January 2008. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
F 2516 – 056.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
F2516–07
FIG. 1 Terms Illustrated on Typical Stress-Strain Diagram of
Superelastic Nitinol
F 2005, of the material at the test temperature.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Apparatus is as described in Test Methods E 8.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 Test specimens are as described in Test Methods E 8.
8. Procedure
8.1 Procedure shall be per Test Methods E 8 with the following additions:
8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the temperature of the test shall be 22.0°C. Tolerance shall be 62.0°C.
8.1.2 Free-running crosshead speed shall be limited per Table 1.
8.1.3 The test sh
...
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