ASTM D4891-89(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Heating Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Stoichiometric Combustion
Standard Test Method for Heating Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Stoichiometric Combustion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides an accurate and reliable procedure to measure the total heating value of a fuel gas, on a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance, custody transfer, and process control.
Some instruments which conform to the requirements set forth in this test method can have response times on the order of 1 min or less and can be used for on-line measurement and control.
The method is sensitive to the presence of oxygen and nonparaffin fuels. For components not listed and composition ranges that fall outside those in Table 1, modifications in the method may be required to obtain correct results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the heating value of natural gases and similar gaseous mixtures within the range of composition shown in Table 1.
1.2 This standard involves combustible gases. It is not the purpose of this standard to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D4891 − 89 (Reapproved2006)
Standard Test Method for
Heating Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by
1
Stoichiometric Combustion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.4 critical combustion ratio— for a specific burned gas
parameter, the combustion ratio at which a plot of burned gas
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheheating
parameter versus combustion ratio has either maximum value
value of natural gases and similar gaseous mixtures within the
or maximum slope.
range of composition shown in Table 1.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 This standard involves combustible gases. It is not the
purpose of this standard to address the safety concerns, if any,
4.1 Air is mixed with the gaseous fuel to be tested. The
associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of
mixture is burned and the air-fuel ratio is adjusted so that
this standard to establish appropriate safety and health prac-
essentially a stoichiometric proportion of air is present. More
tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
exactly, the adjustment is made so that the air-fuel ratio is in a
prior to use.
constant proportion to the stoichiometric ratio which is a
relative measure of the heating value. To set this ratio, a
2. Referenced Documents
characteristic property of the burned gas is measured, such as
2
temperature or oxygen concentration.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1826TestMethodforCalorific(Heating)ValueofGasesin
5. Significance and Use
Natural Gas Range by Continuous Recording Calorimeter
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to 5.1 This test method provides an accurate and reliable
Determine the Precision of a Test Method procedure to measure the total heating value of a fuel gas, on
a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance,
3. Terminology custody transfer, and process control.
5.2 Some instruments which conform to the requirements
3.1 All of the terms defined in Test Method D1826 are
set forth in this test method can have response times on the
included by reference.
orderof1minorlessandcanbeusedforon-linemeasurement
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and control.
3.2.1 combustion ratio—the ratio of combustion air to
5.3 The method is sensitive to the presence of oxygen and
gaseous fuel.
nonparaffin fuels. For components not listed and composition
3.2.2 stoichiometric ratio—the combustion ratio when the
ranges that fall outside those in Table 1, modifications in the
quantityofcombustionairisjustsufficienttoconvertallofthe
method may be required to obtain correct results.
combustibles in the fuel to water and carbon dioxide.
6. Apparatus
3.2.3 burned gas parameter—a property of the burned gas
after combustion which is a function of the combustion ratio.
6.1 A suitable apparatus for carrying out the stoichiometric
combustion method will have at least the following four
components: flow meter or regulator, or both; combustion
chamber; burned gas sensor; and electronics. The requirement
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD03onGaseous
for each of these components is discussed below. The detailed
Fuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.03 on Determination of
Heating Value and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels.
design of each of these components can vary. Two different
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally
apparatus are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In each figure the
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4891–89(2001).
equivalent of the four necessary components are enclosed in
DOI: 10.1520/D4891-89R06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or dashed lines.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Overview—Airandfuelentertheapparatusandtheflow
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of each is measured. Alternatively, only one gas flow need be
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D4891 − 89 (2006)
TABLE 1 Natural Gas Components and Range of Composition
6.3 Flow Meter and/or Regulator—The flow measurement
Covered
part of the apparatus should have an accuracy and precision of
Compound Concentration Range, mole, %
the order of 0.1%. Likewise, if the flow is to be kept constant,
Helium 0.01 to 5
the flow regulator should maint
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