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ASTM F645-15a

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems

Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide information to select, design and install thermoplastic, water-pressure piping systems for use outside buildings. Materials covered in this specification are Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe fittings.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design, and installation of thermoplastic water systems for use outside buildings. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guide is recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials, methods of joining, system design factor, and any special procedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.  
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide. Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.  
1.3 Units-The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet the requirements of one or more of the following component product standards listed in 1.3.1 through 1.3.4 to the extent applicable. Those pipe standards followed by (a) are outside diameter-controlled pipes. Those followed by (b) are inside diameter-controlled pipes.  
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping components:      
Title of Specification  
ASTM
Designation  
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80
and 120 (a)  
D1785    
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a)  
D2241    
Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings,
Schedule 80  
D2464    
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule
40  
D2466  
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 80  
D2467  
Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
and Fittings  
D2564  
Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a)  
D2672    
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a)  
D2740    
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line
Couplings  
D3036    
Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric
Seals  
D3139    
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe  
F477    
PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe
Joints  
F545  
1.3.2 For Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic piping components:      
Title of Specification  
ASTM
Designation  
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 (a)  
F441/F441M  
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80  
F439  
Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings  
F493  
1.3.3 For polyethylene (PE) plastic piping components:      
Title of Specification  
ASTM
Designation  
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) (b)  
D2239    
Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe  
D2609    
Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-
Controlled Polyethylene Pipe (a)  
D2683    
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing (a)  
D2737    
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on
Controlled Outside Diameter (a)  
D3035    
Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing  
D3261  
1.3.4 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American Water Works Association:      
C900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe,  
4-inch through 12-inch, for Water (a)  
C901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubing...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-May-2015
ICS
23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
Technical Committee
F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
Drafting Committee
F17.61 - Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F645-15 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems
Effective Date
15-May-2015
Replaced By
ASTM F645-18 - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Referred By
ASTM F412-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
15-May-2015
Referred By
ASTM F1668-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe
Effective Date
15-May-2015
Referred By
ASTM D2846/D2846M-19a - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution Systems
Effective Date
15-May-2015

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REDLINE ASTM F645-15a - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping SystemsREDLINE ASTM F645-15a - Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping Systems
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F645 − 15a An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-
1
Pressure Piping Systems
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF645;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D2740
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line D3036
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design,
Couplings
and installation of thermoplastic water systems for use outside Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric D3139
Seals
buildings.Forspecificprojects,athoroughreviewofthisguide
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F477
isrecommendedforthepurposeofselectingspecificmaterials,
PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe F545
methods of joining, system design factor, and any special Joints
procedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.
1.3.2 For Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic
piping components:
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project
Title of Specification ASTM
specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide.
Designation
Nothing in this guide should be construed as recommending
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, F441/F441M
practices or systems at variance with governing codes and
Schedules 40 and 80 (a)
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, F439
project specifications.
Schedule 80
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch- Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) F493
Plastic Pipe and Fittings
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; 1.3.3 For polyethylene (PE) plastic piping components:
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
ASTM
Title of Specification Designation
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) (b) D2239
conformance with the standard. The pipe, fittings, and joining
Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D2609
materials shall meet the requirements of one or more of the
Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter- D2683
Controlled Polyethylene Pipe (a)
following component product standards listed in 1.3.1 through
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing (a) D2737
1.3.4 to the extent applicable. Those pipe standards followed
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on D3035
by (a) are outside diameter-controlled pipes. Those followed
Controlled Outside Diameter (a)
Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for D3261
by (b) are inside diameter-controlled pipes.
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping compo-
1.3.4 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE)
nents:
Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American Water
ASTM
Works Association:
Title of Specification Designation
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 D1785
C900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe,
and 120 (a)
4-inch through 12-inch, for Water (a)
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D2241
C901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubing
Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, D2464
1
and Fittings, ⁄2-inch through 3-inch, for Water
Schedule 80
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule D2466 1.3.5 Pipes with wall thicknesses less than 1.50 mm (0.06
40
in.) are not recommended.
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D2467
Fittings, Schedule 80
1.4 Other Joining Devices—Joining devices other than
Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D2564
those covered by the listed standards may be selected by the
and Fittings
useronthebasisofhisownengineeringevaluationandservice
Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a) D2672
experience.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved May 15, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F645–15. DOI:
10.1520/F0645-15A. bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F645 − 15 F645 − 15a
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Thermoplastic Water-
1
Pressure Piping Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide is intended for use in the selection, design, and installation of thermoplastic water systems for use outside
buildings. For specific projects, a thorough review of this guide is recommended for the purpose of selecting specific materials,
methods of joining, system design factor, and any special procedures deemed necessary to assure a satisfactory system.
1.2 It is recommended that governing codes and project specifications be consulted prior to the use of this guide. Nothing in
this guide should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.
1.3 Units—Units-The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The pipe, fittings, and joining materials shall meet
the requirements of one or more of the following component product standards listed in 1.3.1 through 1.3.31.3.4 to the extent
applicable. Those pipe standards followed by (a) are outside diameter-controlled pipes. Those followed by (b) are inside
diameter-controlled pipes.
1.3.1 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic piping components:
ASTM
Title of Specification Designation
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80 D1785
and 120 (a)
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) (a) D2241
Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, D2464
Schedule 80
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule D2466
40
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D2467
Fittings, Schedule 80
Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe D2564
and Fittings
Bell-End Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe (a) D2672
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Tubing (a) D2740
Socket-Type Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Line D3036
Couplings
Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric D3139
Seals
Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe F477
PVC and ABS Injected Solvent Cemented Plastic Pipe F545
Joints
1.3.2 For Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) plastic piping components:
Title of Specification ASTM
Designation
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 (a) F441/F441M
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 F439
Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings F493
1.3.3 For polyethylene (PE) plastic piping components:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015May 15, 2015. Published June 2015July 2015. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20132015 as
F645 – 13.F645 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/F0645-15.10.1520/F0645-15A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F645 − 15a
ASTM
Title of Specification Designation
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe, (SDR-PR) (b) D2239
Plastic Insert Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe D2609
Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter- D2683
Controlled Polyethylene Pipe (a)
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tubing (a) D2737
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on D3035
Controlled Outside Diameter (a)
Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for D3261
Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing
1.3.4 For poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene (PE) Plastic Piping Components Issued By the American Water Works
Association:
C900 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure Pipe,
4-inch through 12-inch, for Water (a)
C901 Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Pipe, Tubing
1
and Fittings, ⁄2-inch through 3-inch, for Water
1.3.5 P
...

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ASTM D2152-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for material dimensions and tolerances, hydrostatic burst strength, chemical resistance, and impact resistance of PEX pipe and tubing for use in fuel gas mains and services for direct burial applications.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F628-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe With a Cellular Core

ABSTRACT
This specification covers coextruded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipes made to Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS) with concentric inner and outer solid ABS layers and a closed-cell cellular ABS core. The ABS plastics used to make the pipes shall only be either virgin or reworked as specfieid. Reprocessed or recycled plastics are excluded from this specification. The pipes shall meet specified requirements for dimension such as outside diameter, wall thickness, and length; and for performance such as pipe stiffness, lower confidence limit, flattening resistance, impact strength, bond strength, pigments or screening agents, and solvent cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coextruded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe made to Schedule 40 iron pipe sizes (IPS) and produced by the coextrusion process with concentric inner and outer solid ABS layers and the core consisting of closed-cell cellular ABS. Plastic which does not meet the material requirements specified in Section 5 is excluded from single layer and all coextruded layers.  
1.2 Fittings suitable for use with pipe meeting the requirements of this specification are given in Annex A1. Fittings meeting the requirement of Specification D2661 are also acceptable.  
1.3 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic which does not meet the definitions of virgin ABS plastic as given in 3.2.4 is excluded, as performance of plastic other than those defined as virgin was not determined. ABS rework plastic which meets the requirements of rework plastic as given in 5.3 is acceptable.  
1.4 Reprocessed plastic or recycled plastic as defined in Terminology D883 is excluded.  
1.5 Recommendations for storage, joining, and installation are provided in Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3, respectively.  
1.6 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1598-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The data obtained by this test method are useful for establishing stress versus failure time relationships in a controlled environment from which the hydrostatic design basis for plastic pipe materials can be computed. (Refer to Test Method D2837 and Practice D2992.)  
5.2 In order to determine how plastics will perform as pipe, it is necessary to establish the stress-failure time relationships for pipe over 2 or more logarithmic decades of time (hours) in a controlled environment. Because of the nature of the test and specimens employed, no single line can adequately represent the data, and therefore the confidence limits should be established.  
Note 2: Some materials may exhibit a nonlinear relationship between log-stress and log-failure time, usually at short failure times. In such cases, the 105-hour stress value computed on the basis of short-term test data may be significantly different than the value obtained when a distribution of data points in accordance with Test Method D2837 is evaluated. However, these data may still be useful for quality control or other applications, provided correlation with long-term data has been established.  
5.3 The factors that affect creep and long-term strength behavior of plastic pipe are not completely known at this time. This procedure takes into account those factors that are known to have important influences and provides a tool for investigating others.  
5.4 Creep, or nonrecoverable deformation for pipe made of some plastics, is as important as actual leakage in deciding whether or not a pipe has failed. Specimens that exhibit localized ballooning, however, may lead to erroneous interpretation of the creep results unless a method of determining creep is established that precludes such a possibility. Circumferential measurements at two or three selected positions on a specimen may not be adequate.  
5.5 Great care must be used to ensure that specimens are representative of the pipe under evaluation. Departure...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/resin pipe under constant internal pressure.  
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F758-14(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway, Airport, and Similar Drainage

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications. Two classes (or pipe stiffness) are included and designated as PS 28 and PS 46. The pipe stiffness, impact resistance, pipe flattening, and solvent cement joint tightness shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for smooth-wall perforated and nonperforated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe and couplings for use in subsurface drainage systems of highways, airports, and similar applications in nominal sizes of 4, 6, and 8 in. and in pipe stiffnesses (PS) that are designated as Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 in accordance with its minimum pipe stiffness.  
1.2 Molded fittings for use with highway underdrain pipe are in accordance with Specification D3034. For convenience, some of these fittings are reproduced in Annex A1.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: Type PS 28 and Type PS 46 indicate “pipe stiffness” of 28 and 46, respectively, as outlined in 11.1.
Note 2: Pipe and fittings should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321, or applicable state or local specifications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3203-19(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Gel Content of Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipes and Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many important properties of crosslinked ethylene plastics vary with the gel content. Hence, determination of the gel content provides a basis for controlling production processes and a means of establishing the quality of finished products.  
5.2 Extraction tests permit verification of the proper gel content of any given crosslinked ethylene plastic and they also permit comparison between different crosslinked ethylene plastics, including those containing fillers, provided that, for the latter, the following conditions are met:  
5.2.1 The filler is not soluble in the solvent used in this method at the extraction temperature.  
5.2.2 The amount of filler present in the compound either is known or can be determined.  
5.2.3 Sufficient crosslinking has been achieved to prevent migration of filler during the extraction. It has been found that, at gel content above 30 %, the solvent remains clear and free of filler.  
5.3 Since some oxidative degradation of the material and solvent may occur at the reflux temperature of the solvents, a suitable antioxidant is added to the solvent to inhibit such degradation.  
5.4 This test method is normally used for specimens consisting of an equal representation of the entire cross section of the product, but may also be used to examine specific portions of a product for differences in extent of cross-linking when compared to either a product standard or another sample.  
5.5 This test method is intended for testing crosslinked polyethylene compounds that are not hygroscopic. If compounds that are hygroscopic are tested using this method, specimen conditioning before and after extraction is required.  
5.6 This test method differs from Test Methods D2765, ISO 10147 and Test Method D7567 which also describe procedures for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene. It allows for the use of naphthenic hydrocarbon blend, isoparaffin solvent, or light aromatic solvent naptha as alternatives to xylenes. Xylenes a...
SCOPE
1.1 The gel content of pipe and tubing produced from crosslinked polyethylene plastics as described in Specification F876 and other pipe or tubing standards is determined by extracting with solvents such as xylenes. A test method for quantitative determination of gel content is described herein. The method is applicable to PEX pipe and tubing of all densities, including those containing fillers, and provides correction for the inert fillers present in some of those compounds.  
1.2 Continuous extraction (see definition in Section 3) is used in this method to test the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene specimens. Continuous extraction when used for testing gel content has the advantages of decreased cost of testing, increased accuracy and consistency of results, and decreased test time. This is because extraction with a pure solvent is more efficient than extraction with a partially saturated solvent.  
1.3 While extraction tests may be made on articles of any shape, this test method is applicable for determining the gel content of crosslinked polyethylene pipes and tubing.  
1.4 This test method makes use of xylenes or alternative solvents. Alternative solvents either have lower toxicity than xylenes or allow decreased extraction times. The alternative solvents are also potentially beneficial from an economic and environmental viewpoint. Xylenes are used for referee tests.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in brackets are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standard...

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