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ASTM C1580-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil

Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils.  
1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass.  
1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate.  
1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to comply with all regulations.  
1.5 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Dec-2020
ICS
13.080.10 - Chemical characteristics of soils
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.69 - Miscellaneous Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1580 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
gregates
1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
soluble sulfate in soils.
Cement
1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
by mass.
Materials by Spectrophotometry
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form
except as sulfate. Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils
3. Terminology
from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
to comply with all regulations.
Terminology C125.
1.5 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
4. Significance and Use
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
4.1 This test method can be used to determine if soils could
as requirements of this standard.
have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Apparatus
standard.
5.1 Photometer—One of the following, given in order of
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
preference:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1.1 Nephelometer or turbidimeter,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1.2 Spectrophotometerforuseat420nmwithlightpathof
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4 to 5 cm, and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.3 Filter photometer with a violet filter having a maxi-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
mum near 420 nm and a light path of 4 to 5 cm. Filter
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
photometers and photometric practices prescribed in this test
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
method shall conform to Practice E60; spectrophotometer
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
practices shall conform to Practice E275.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 5.2 Stopwatch, readable to 0.1 minutes.
5.3 Measuring Spoon, capacity 0.2 to 0.3 mL.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 Drying oven, capable of continuously heating at 110 6
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5 ºC.
5.5 Balance, shall be capable of reproducing results within
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
0.0002 g with an accuracy of 60.0002 g. Direct-reading
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
balances shall have a sensitivity not exceeding 0.0001 g.
C09.69 on Miscellaneous Tests.
Conventional two-pan balances shall have a maximum sensi-
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2020. Published February 2021. Originally
bility reciprocal of 0.0003 g. Any rapid weighing device that
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1580 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/C1580-20.
may be provided, such as a chain, damped motion, or heavy
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
riders, shall not increase the basic inaccuracy by more than
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
0.0001 g at any reading and with any load within the rated
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. capacity of the balance.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1580 − 20
5.6 Stirrer, magnetic variable speed, with a TFE- 8.2 A separate calibration curve must be prepared for each
fluorocarboncoatedmagneticstirringrodoranoverheadstirrer photometer and a new curve must be prepared if it is
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1580 − 15 C1580 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Water-Soluble Sulfate in Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method is for the determination of water-soluble sulfate in soils.
1.2 This test method was developed for concentrations of water-soluble sulfate in soils between 0.02 and 3.33 % sulfate by mass.
1.3 This test method does not determine sulfur in any form except as sulfate.
1.4 Some governing bodies regulate the movement of soils from one area to another. It is up to the sampler and laboratory to
comply with all regulations.
1.5 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.69 on
Miscellaneous Tests.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015Dec. 15, 2020. Published December 2015February 2021. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
ε1
C1580 – 09C1580 – 15. . DOI: 10.1520/C1580-15.10.1520/C1580-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1580 − 20
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C125.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method can be used to determine if soils could have an adverse reaction with hydraulic cement concrete.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Photometer—One of the following, given in order of preference:
5.1.1 Nephelometer or turbidimeter,
5.1.2 Spectrophotometer for use at 420 nm with light path of 4 to 5 cm, and
5.1.3 Filter photometer with a violet filter having a maximum near 420 nm and a light path of 4 to 5 cm. Filter photometers and
photometric practices prescribed in this test method shall conform to Practice E60; spectrophotometer practices shall conform to
Practice E275.
5.2 Stopwatch, readable to 0.1 minutes.
5.3 Measuring Spoon, capacity 0.2 to 0.3 mL.
5.4 Drying oven, capable of continuously heating at 110 6 5 ºC.
5.5 Balance, shall be capable of reproducing results within 0.0002 g with an accuracy of 60.0002 g. Direct-reading balances shall
have a sensitivity not exceeding 0.0001 g. Conventional two-pan balances shall have a maximum sensibility reciprocal of 0.0003
g. Any rapid weighing device that may be provided, such as a chain, damped motion, or heavy riders, shall not increase the basic
inaccuracy by more than 0.0001 g at any reading and with any load within the rated capacity of the balance.
5.6 Stirrer, magnet
...

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ASTM D8459-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Detecting Water Soluble Sulfates in Construction Soils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Where sulfates are suspected, subgrade soils should be tested as an integral part of a geotechnical evaluation because the possibility that sulfate induced heave may occur if calcium containing stabilizers are used to improve the soils and sulfate reactions may also cause deterioration in concrete structures. When planning to treat a soil used in construction with lime, testing the soil for water soluble sulfates prior to treatment becomes very important (Note 2).  
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ASTM E2271/E2271M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Clearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in Multifamily Dwellings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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4.2 It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to assure that all regulatory, contractual, and personnel requirements are met prior to conduct of a clearance examination. At a minimum, users of this standard shall be trained in its use and in safe practices for its conduct.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers visual assessment for the presence of deteriorated paint, surface dust, painted debris, and paint chips with environmental sampling of surface dust to determine whether a lead hazard exists at the time of sample collection, following lead-hazard reduction activities, or other building maintenance and modification activities.  
1.2 This practice addresses clearance examination of multifamily dwellings having similar units, common areas or exterior sites.  
1.3 This practice also addresses clearance examinations that may include soil sampling, for example when soil abatement has been performed.  
1.4 This practice includes a procedure for determining whether regulatory requirements for lead clearance levels for dust and, where warranted, soil have been met, and, consequently whether a clearance area, passes or fails a clearance examination.
Note 1: This practice is based on that portion of “clearance” described in 40 CFR Part 745 for abatement, and in 24 CFR 35 for lead-hazard reduction activities other than abatement, except that composite dust sampling as described therein is not used.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 Methods described in this practice may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organiz...

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ASTM
ASTM E2686-09(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Solvents Absorbed/Adsorbed By Simulated Soil Impacted by Pesticide Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed specifically for emulsions of pesticide emulsifiable concentrates.  
5.2 This test method provides information on the absorption/adsorption of solvents by simulated organic soil and inorganic soil impacted by pesticide EC emulsion applications.  
5.3 The amount of solvent lost by volatilization at 40 °C as determined by this method is an indirect measure of the atmospheric availability of the solvent to potentially react with nitrogen oxides to form tropospheric ozone, a major air pollutant.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method simulates the application of an emulsion of a pesticide emulsifiable concentrate (EC) to soil with high organic matter (corn cob granules) and to soil with high inorganic matter (clay granules) and determines the amount of solvent retained by the granules, and withheld from the atmosphere, before and after exposure to 40 ºC in a vented oven. The granules simulate two extremes of soil composition, and the 40 ºC exposure simulates high temperature weathering. Solvent loss from organic substrates other than corn cob may also be determined by repeating the 40 °C exposure tests with the chosen substrate replacing corn cob. The results with corn cob, however, are a reference that must be reported with the alternate substrate results. The difference in solvent content of the granules before and after weathering is an indication of the emission of the solvent from soil impacted by emulsions or solutions during pesticide applications using common practices such as spraying and drip irrigating. Analysis of the granules for solvent content is by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), or other methods tested and proven to be accurate and reproducible.
Note 1: Since it evaluates soil surface sorption, this test method will underestimate soil sorption from pesticide applications made below the soil surface. Sub-soil surface treatments may include, but are not limited to, mechanical soil injection and soil incorporation applications. In these cases, the increased depth of the sub-soil treatments reduce the soil surface exposure and facilitate increased levels of soil sorption.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7363-13A(2021)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Parent and Alkyl Polycyclic Aromatics in Sediment Pore Water Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Selected Ion Monitoring Mode

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method directly determines the concentrations of dissolved PAH concentrations in environmental sediment pore water samples. The method is important from an environmental regulatory perspective because it can achieve the analytical sensitivities to meet the goals of the USEPA narcosis model for protecting benthic organisms in PAH contaminated sediments. Regulatory methods using solvent extraction have not achieved the wide calibration ranges from nanograms to milligrams per litre and the required levels of detection in the nanogram-per-litre range. In addition, conventional solvent extraction methods require large aliquot volumes (litre or larger), use of large volumes of organic solvents, and filtration to generate the pore water. This approach entails the storage and processing of large volumes of sediment samples and loss of low molecular weight PAHs in the filtration and solvent evaporation steps.  
5.2 This method can be used to determine nanogram to milligram per litre PAH concentrations in pore water. Small volumes of pore water are required for SPME extraction, only 1.5 mL per determination and virtually no solvent extraction waste is generated.
SCOPE
1.1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) narcosis model for benthic organisms in sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is based on the concentrations of dissolved PAHs in the interstitial water or “pore water” in sediment. This test method covers the separation of pore water from PAH-impacted sediment samples, the removal of colloids, and the subsequent measurement of dissolved concentrations of the required 10 parent PAHs and 14 groups of alkylated daughter PAHs in the pore water samples. The “24 PAHs” are determined using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Isotopically labeled analogs of the target compounds are introduced prior to the extraction, and are used as quantification references.  
1.2 Lower molecular weight PAHs are more water soluble than higher molecular weight PAHs. Therefore, USEPA-regulated PAH concentrations in pore water samples vary widely due to differing saturation water solubilities that range from 0.2 µg/L for indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene to 31 000 µg/L for naphthalene. This method can accommodate the measurement of microgram per litre concentrations for low molecular weight PAHs and nanogram per litre concentrations for high molecular weight PAHs.  
1.3 The USEPA narcosis model predicts toxicity to benthic organisms if the sum of the toxic units (ΣTUc) calculated for all “34 PAHs” measured in a pore water sample is greater than or equal to 1. For this reason, the performance limit required for the individual PAH measurements was defined as the concentration of an individual PAH that would yield 1/34 of a toxic unit (TU). However, the focus of this method is the 10 parent PAHs and 14 groups of alkylated PAHs (Table 1) that contribute 95 % of the toxic units based on the analysis of 120 background and impacted sediment pore water samples.3 The primary reasons for eliminating the rest of the 5-6 ring parent PAHs are: (1) these PAHs contribute insignificantly to the pore water TU, and (2) these PAHs exhibit extremely low saturation solubilities that will make the detection of these compounds difficult in pore water. This method can achieve the required detection limits, which range from approximately 0.01 µg/L, for high molecular weight PAHs, to approximately 3 µg/L for low molecular weight PAHs.  
1.4 The test method may also be applied to the determination of additional PAH compounds (for example, 5- and 6-ring PAHs as described in Hawthorne et al.).4 However, it is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish the validity of the test method for the determination of PAHs other than those referenced in 1.1 and Table 1.  
1.5 The values stated in ...

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ASTM
ASTM D7458-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Beryllium in Soil and Sediment Using Ammonium Bifluoride Extraction and Fluorescence Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Exposure to beryllium can cause a potentially fatal disease, and occupational exposure limits for beryllium in air and on surfaces have been established to reduce exposure risks to potentially affected workers (1, 2).5 Measurement of beryllium in matrices such as soil and sediment is important in environmental remediation projects involving beryllium contamination (3) and for establishment of background levels of beryllium at sites where anthropogenic beryllium may have been used (2, 4-6). Sampling and analytical methods for beryllium are needed in order to meet the challenges relating to exposure assessment and risk reduction. Sampling and analysis methods, such as the procedure described in this test method, are desired in order to facilitate measurements of beryllium that can be used as a basis for management of remediation projects and protection of human health.  
5.2 This test method can be used for purposes such as environmental remediation projects where beryllium is a contaminant of concern. It is also useful for characterization of levels of beryllium in soil at sites where beryllium is in mining or manufacturing applications, and for determination of background levels of beryllium in soil.  
5.3 The limit of quantification of this test method varies with the dilution factor (see 13.6.1). For the detection solution containing lysine the detection limit is 0.013 mg beryllium per kilogram of sample, based on a 0.5 g sample (7) extracted in a 50 mL extraction solution and analyzed using a dilution factor of 20×. When the lysine-free detection solution is used one may use a 20× dilution factor and obtain the same detection limit or use 5× dilution factor and obtain a detection limit of 0.004 mg/kg of sample.
Note 1: Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of beryllium in samples of soil and sediment. This test method can be used for purposes such as environmental remediation projects where beryllium is a contaminant of concern. It is also useful for characterization of levels of beryllium in soil at sites where beryllium is in mining or manufacturing applications, and for determination of background levels of beryllium in soil.  
1.2 This test method assumes that samples of soil or sediment are collected using appropriate and applicable methods.  
1.3 This test method includes a procedure for extraction (dissolution) of beryllium in dilute ammonium bifluoride, followed by analysis of aliquots of the extract solution using a beryllium-specific fluorescent dye.  
1.4 For a 500 mg sample, the lower limit of the working range is approximately 0.04 mg Be/kg (5× dilution) or 0.1 mg Be/kg (20× dilution). The working range extends to concentrations of at least 500 mg Be/kg.  
1.5 No detailed operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of suitable fluorometric instruments. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument. This test method does not address comparative accuracy of different devices or the precision between instruments of the same make and model.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.7.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal of significant digits in the specified limit.  
1.7.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded, or calculated, in thi...

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