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ASTM D5106-08

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures

Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures. The coarse and fine aggregates shall consist of hard, tough, durable pieces of steel slag, and shall be processed, as necessary, by crushing or screening, or both, and magnetic separation for the removal of metallics. At the time of delivery, the aggregates shall not contain injurious amounts of foreign materials such as clay, loam, wood, tramp metal, unhydrated lime, or other deleterious materials. The physical requirements for which the aggregates shall be tested on and consequently conform to are grading and fineness modulus, polishing characteristics, soundness, degradation, expansion, friable particles, stripping, adherent coatings, crushed count, plasticity index, leaching; and environmental stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures.
1.2 Steel slag coarse and fine aggregates are currently being used entirely (Note 1) or combined with other mineral aggregates, such as those covered in Specification D 692 or D 1073, to produce paving mixtures similar to those described in Specification D 3515 or D 4215.
Note 1—When 100 % of the coarse aggregate in a bituminous mixture is steel slag, the amount of steel slag fines in that mixture may be limited to prevent bulking.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2007
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.50 - Aggregate Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5106-03 - Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Jan-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D5106-13 - Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Jun-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6155-19 - Standard Specification for Nontraditional Coarse Aggregates for Asphalt Paving Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Jan-2008
Referred By
ASTM D8418-21 - Standard Guide for Material and Construction Standards Related to Sustainability Within Committee D04
Effective Date
01-Jan-2008

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English language
3 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5106 −08
StandardSpecification for
1
Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
ments
1.1 This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures.
D448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and
1.2 Steel slag coarse and fine aggregates are currently being
Bridge Construction
used entirely (Note 1) or combined with other mineral
D692 Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous
aggregates, such as those covered in Specification D692 or
Paving Mixtures
D1073, to produce paving mixtures similar to those described
D1073 Specification for Fine Aggregate for Bituminous
in Specification D3515 or D4215.
Paving Mixtures
D3319 Practice for the Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates
NOTE 1—When 100 % of the coarse aggregate in a bituminous mixture
is steel slag, the amount of steel slag fines in that mixture may be limited
Using the British Wheel
to prevent bulking.
D3515 Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous
3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Paving Mixtures (Withdrawn 2009)
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information
only. terials
D4215 Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and
Paving Mixtures
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
Plasticity Index of Soils
considered as requirements of the standard.
D4792 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates
2. Referenced Documents
from Hydration Reactions
2
D4867/D4867M Test Method for Effect of Moisture on
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures
C88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of
D5711 Test Method for Determining the Adherent Coating
Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
on Coarse Aggregates
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200)
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of
Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
4
2.2 Federal Registrar:
gregates
SW846 1311 EPA Test Method, Toxicity Characteristic
C131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-
Leaching Procedure
Size CoarseAggregate byAbrasion and Impact in the Los
Angeles Machine
3. Terminology
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Aggregates
3.1.1 steel slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting
C142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in
essentially of calcium silicates and ferrites combined with
Aggregates
fused and mineralogically combined oxides of iron, aluminum,
manganese, calcium, and magnesium, that is developed simul-
1
The specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
taneously with steel in basic oxygen, electric, or open hearth
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 on
Aggregate Specifications.
furnaces.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5106 – 03. DOI:
3
10.1520/D5106-08. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from the Department of Commerce, National Technical Information
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Center, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22151. Order Number: EPAW-
the ASTM website. 846.3.3.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5106−08
NOTE 3—Attention is called to the distinction between conventional
3.1.2 Other terms used in this specification are defined in
(dense mixtures or open mixtures) and open-graded friction course
Terminologies C125 and D8.
mixtures in Specification D3515.
NOTE 4—Some sources of aggregate contain angular particles that will
4. Ordering Information
perform similarly to a mechanically
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5106–03 Designation: D 5106 – 08
Standard Specification for
1
Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures.
1.2 Steel slag coarse and fine aggregates shall beare currently being used entirely (Note 1) or combined with other mineral
aggregates, such as those covered in Specification D 692 or D 1073, to produce paving mixtures similar to those described in
Specification D 3515 or D 4215.
NOTE 1—When 100 % of the coarse aggregate in a bituminous mixture is steel slag, the amount of steel slag fines in that mixture may be limited to
prevent bulking.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
C 117 Test Method for Materials Finer Than 75 µmthan 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size CoarseAggregate byAbrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles
Machine
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C 142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregates
D 8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D 448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction
D 692 Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D 1073 Specification for Fine Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D 3319Test Method Practice for the Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates Using the British Wheel
D 3515 Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
D 4215 Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D 4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D 4792 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates from Hydration Reactions
D 4867/D 4867M Test Method for Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures
D 5711 Test Method for Determining the Adherent Coating on CourseCoarse Aggregates
D 5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
3
2.2 Federal Registrar:
SW846 1311 EPA Test Method, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
1
The specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 onAggregate
Specifications.
Current edition approved Dec.Jan. 1, 2003.2008. Published January 2004.February 2008. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 19992003 as
D5106–99.D 5106 – 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from the Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Center, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22151. Order Number: EPAW-846.3.3.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5106–08
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 steel slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of calcium silicates and ferrites combined with fused and
mineralogically combined oxides of iron, aluminum, manganese, calcium, and magnesium, that is developed simultaneously with
steel in basic oxygen, electric, or open hearth furnaces.
3.1.2 Other terms used in this specification are defined in Terminologies C 125 and D 8.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders f
...

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ASTM D8021-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
4.2 Slag can be considered a product based on the mineralogy of samples that are tested using X-ray diffraction, phase recognition and characterization, powdered XRD-Rietveld analysis, and SEM-PARC results, using this guide.
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1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or both (Note 1).  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units are utilized in this standard.  
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ASTM C1252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and Grading)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Methods A and B provide percent void content determined under standardized conditions which depend on the particle shape and texture of a fine aggregate. An increase in void content by these procedures indicates greater angularity, less sphericity, rougher surface texture, or combinations thereof. A decrease in void content results is associated with more rounded, spherical, or smooth-surfaced fine aggregate, or a combination thereof.  
5.2 Test Method C measures the uncompacted void content of the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) portion of the as-received material. This void content depends on grading as well as particle shape and texture.  
5.3 The void content determined on the standard graded sample (Test Method A) is not directly comparable with the average void content of the three individual size fractions from the same sample tested separately (Test Method B). A sample consisting of single-size particles will have a higher void content than a graded sample. Therefore, use either one method or the other as a comparative measure of shape and texture, and identify which test method has been used to obtain the reported data. Test Method C does not provide an indication of shape and texture directly if the grading from sample to sample changes.  
5.3.1 The standard graded sample (Test Method A) is most useful as a quick test which indicates the particle shape properties of a graded fine aggregate. Typically, the material used to make up the standard graded sample can be obtained from the remaining size fractions after performing a single sieve analysis of the fine aggregate.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the loose, uncompacted void content of a sample of fine aggregate. When measured on any aggregate of a known grading, void content provides an indication of that aggregate's angularity, sphericity, and surface texture compared with other fine aggregates tested in the same grading. When void content is measured on an as-received fine-aggregate grading, it can be an indicator of the effect of the fine aggregate on the workability of a mixture in which it may be used.  
1.2 Three procedures are included for the measurement of void content. Two use graded fine aggregate (standard grading or as-received grading), and the other uses several individual size fractions for void content determinations:  
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ABSTRACT
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4.1 Relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristic generally used for calculation of the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate, including portland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Relative density (specific gravity) is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate in Test Method C29/C29M. Relative density (specific gravity) saturated surface dry (SSD) is used if the aggregate is at SSD, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied. Conversely, the relative density (specific gravity) oven dry (OD) is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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Standard Guide for Forensic Analysis of Geological Materials by Powder X-Ray Diffraction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 Within the analytical scheme of geological materials, XRD analysis is used to: identify the crystalline components within a sample; identify the crystalline components separated from a mixture, typically clay-sized material (see 8.8), or a selected particle class for which additional analysis is needed (see 8.11); or compare two or more samples based on the identified crystalline phases or diffraction patterns (see 11.5).  
5.2.1 Non-destructive XRD analysis can be performed in situ on geological material adhering to a substrate (see 8.12.3).  
5.2.2 The most common forensic applications of XRD to geological materials are (A) identification or confirmation of a selected phase or fraction of a sample (see 8.12), (B) identification of minerals in the clay-sized fractions of soils (see 8.8), and (C) identification of the phases of the hydrated cement component of concrete or mortar.  
5.3 This guide is intended to be used with other methods of analysis (for example, polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, palynology) within a more comprehensive analytical scheme for the forensic analysis or comparison of geological materials.  
5.3.1 Comprehensive criteria for forensic comparisons of geological material integrating multiple analytical methods and provenance estimations (see 11.4) are ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers techniques and procedures for the use of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the forensic analysis of geological materials (to include soils, rocks, sediments, and materials derived from them such as concrete), to enable non-consumptive identification of solid crystalline materials present as single components or multi-component mixtures.  
1.2 This guide makes recommendations for the preparation of geological materials for powder XRD analysis with adaptations for samples of limited quantity, instrumental configuration to generate high-quality XRD data, identification of crystalline materials by comparison to published diffraction data, and forensic comparison of XRD patterns from two or more samples of geological materials to support criminal investigations.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units are avoided, in general, but there is a long-standing tradition of expressing X-ray wavelengths and lattice spacing in units of Ångströms (Å). One Ångström = 10–10 meter (m) = 0.1 nanometer (nm).  
1.4 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8021-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
4.2 Slag can be considered a product based on the mineralogy of samples that are tested using X-ray diffraction, phase recognition and characterization, powdered XRD-Rietveld analysis, and SEM-PARC results, using this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or both (Note 1).  
Note 1: This guide is not intended to be used to determine the applicability of iron or steel slag, or both, for various applications. Terminology D8 designates steel slag as a product, while Terminology C125 designates blast furnace slag as a product. Its sole intent is to provide guidance as to the typical mineralogy when the iron or steel slag, or both, is designated as a product.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units are utilized in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) should not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C831-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Residual Carbon, Apparent Residual Carbon, and Apparent Carbon Yield in Coked Carbon-Containing Brick and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods are designed for use with carbon-containing products. The residual carbon content of a coked carbon-containing brick or shape is an indication of how much carbon may be available, in service, to resist slag attack on, or oxidation loss of, that body. Apparent carbon yield gives an estimate of the relative efficiency of the total carbonaceous matter to be retained as residual carbon.  
3.2 Residual carbon has a direct bearing on several properties of a pitch or resin-containing refractory, such as ignited porosity, density, strength, and thermal conductivity.  
3.3 These test methods are suitable for product development, manufacturing control, and specification acceptance.  
3.4 These test methods are very sensitive to specimen size, coking rates, etc.; therefore, strict compliance with these test methods is critical.  
3.5 Appreciable amounts of reducible components, such as Fe2O3, will have a noticeable effect on the results. Thus, values obtained by these test methods will be different when brick removed from service is tested. This must be kept in mind when attempting to use these test methods in an absolute sense.  
3.6 Oxidizable components such as metals and carbides can have a noticeable effect on the results. This must be kept in mind when using the second procedure, which is based on measuring weight loss after igniting the coked specimens.  
3.7 Testing of brick or shapes that contain magnesium metal presents special problems since this metal is highly volatile and substantial amounts of the magnesium can be lost from the sample during the coking procedure. This must be kept in mind when interpreting the results of testing of brick that contains magnesium. In addition, magnesium can react readily with atmospheric humidity. This must be kept in mind when storing brick that contains magnesium.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of residual carbon content in carbon-bearing brick and shapes after a prescribed coking treatment. They provide two procedures. The first procedure is based on the combustion of carbon and its measurement as carbon dioxide. However, when using the first procedure for articles that contain silicon carbide or other carbides, no distinction will be made between carbon present in the form of a carbide and carbon present as elemental carbon. The second procedure provides a method for calculating apparent residual carbon (on the basis of weight loss after igniting the coked specimens), apparent carbonaceous material content, and apparent carbon yield. If the second procedure is used for brick or shapes that contain metallic additives or carbides, it must be recognized that there will be a weight gain associated with the oxidation of the metals, or carbides, or both. Such a weight gain can change the results substantially, and this must be kept in mind when interpreting the data.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C544-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydration of Dead-Burned Magnesite or Periclase Grain

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method determines relative hydration resistance of magnesia grain.  
3.2 This test method is used in industry to evaluate grain samples and is used for specification purposes in some cases.  
3.3 Care must be taken in interpreting the data.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the relative resistance of magnesia grain to hydration.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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