ASTM A878/A878M-17

Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Modified Chromium Vanadium Valve Spring Quality

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the highest quality of round modified chromium vanadium alloy steel valve spring wires, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall either be in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition. The steel shall be subjected to continuous casting and be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation. Heat and product analysis shall conform to the chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium. Mechanical properties shall be determined by the following: annealing and cold-drawing, oil tempering, wrap testing, and special surface inspection. In the oil-tempered condition, steel shall conform to the tensile requirements for different wire diameters. Metallurgical characterization shall include surface condition, decarburization, and inclusion content. The wire or wire rod shall conform to the maximum inclusion content requirements for the surface and core zones.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped modified chromium vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independent of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2017
• ICS: 77.140.25 - Spring steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A878/A878M-05(2011) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Modified Chromium Vanadium Valve Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Replaced By: ASTM A878/A878M-19 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Modified Chromium Vanadium Valve Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A878/A878M −17
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Modified Chromium Vanadium Valve Spring
1
Quality
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA878/A878M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
cal Analysis of Steel Products
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
and shaped modified chromium vanadium alloy steel valve
terials
spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring
Determine Conformance with Specifications
high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated
E45Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN
Steel
10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This wire shall be
3
2.2 Federal Standard:
either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condi-
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
tion as specified by purchaser.
3
2.3 Military Standard:
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
MIL-STD-163Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
ment and Storage
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
4
2.4 European Standard:
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
EN10270-2Steel Wire for Mechanical Springs Part 2: Oil-
shall be used independent of the other. Combining values from
Hardened and Tempered Spring Steel Wire of Unalloyed
the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
and Alloyed Steels
standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
3. Terminology
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 Definitions:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
to Terminology A941.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.1 equivalent round diameter, n—diameter of a round
wire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shaped
2. Referenced Documents
wire.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 shape factor, n—avalueusedtoobtaincrosssectional
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
area for shaped wires when multiplied by measured width and
of Steel Products
measured thickness.
A700Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
for Steel Products for Shipment
4. Ordering Information
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
4.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
the following information for each ordered item:
4.1.1 Quantity (mass),
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, 4.1.2 Name of material (modified chromium vanadium
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
alloy steel valve spring quality wire),
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
4.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 9),
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A878/
A878M–05(2011). DOI: 10.1520/A0878_A0878M-17.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from European Committee for Standardization, CEN-CENELEC
the ASTM website. Management Centre, Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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A878/A878M−17
A
TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
SI Units
Analysis, % Product Analysis
Tolerance, %
Permissible Permissible
Diameter, mm Variations, Out-of Round,
±mm mm
Carbon 0.60–0.75 ±0.02
Manganese 0.50–0.90 ±0.03
Phosphorus 0.025 max +0.005
0.5 to 2.0, incl 0.02 0.02
Sulfur 0.025 max +0.005
Over 2.0 to 4.0, incl 0.03 0.03
Silicon 0.15–
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A878/A878M − 05 (Reapproved 2011) A878/A878M − 17
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Modified Chromium Vanadium Valve Spring
1
Quality
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A878/A878M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped modified chromium vanadium alloy steel valve spring
wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue
properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for
high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
mustshall be used independent of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
3
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
3
2.3 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Shipment and Storage
4
2.4 AIAGEuropean Standard:
AIAG B-5EN10270-2 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application StandardSteel Wire for Mechanical Springs Part 2:
Oil-Hardened and Tempered Spring Steel Wire of Unalloyed and Alloyed Steels
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03
on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2017. Published November 2011September 2017. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20052011
as A878/A878M – 05.A878/A878M – 05 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/A0878_A0878M-05R11.10.1520/A0878_A0878M-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098
4
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48034.European Committee for Standardization,
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre, Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A878/A878M − 17
3.2.1 equivalent round diameter, n—diameter of a round wire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shaped wire.
3.2.2 shape factor, n— a value used to obtain cross sectional area for shaped wires when multiplied by measured width and
measured thickness.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the
...