ASTM D7216-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree: (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7216 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with
1
Typical Seal Elastomers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test method described in
2
this standard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides a reference oil (TMC
1006-1) and an assessment of the test results obtained with this oil and the reference elastomers. By
these means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically
similar to those obtained by other laboratories.
The TMC also uses the reference oil results on different batches of elastomers from different
laboratories to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. Some
specifications, for example, Specification D4485, use the updated TMC standard deviation estimates,
pertainingatthetimetestoilsareevaluated,toadjustspecificationlimitsfortheeffectsoftheindustry
test variability.
Various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils
against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement in connection with
several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to this test method.
1. Scope* resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed.
When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the
said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with
NOTE 1—The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of
severalreferenceelastomerstypicalofthoseusedinthesealing
Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion
materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated
in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compat-
by determining the changes in volume, DurometerAhardness,
ibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the
execution of the operations of this test method.
and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are
immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order
evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical prop-
mightbesubjectedtostaticordynamicloads,orboth,andthey
erties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of
can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation
of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
combination in any service condition usually requires tests
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
additional to those described in this test method.
Subcommittee D02.B0.07 on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests
Methods.
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally
in this test method were chosen to be representative of those
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D7216 – 20a. DOI:
used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in AnnexA1)
10.1520/D7216-22.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
andpassenger-carspark-ignitionengines(thelatterarecovered
updates changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method
letters can be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong
can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of
Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. (www.astmtmc.org) Attention: Director. This edition
incorporates revisions in all information letters through No. 21-1. automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/
*A Summary of Changes section appe
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7216 − 20a D7216 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with
1
Typical Seal Elastomers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test method described in
2
this standard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides a reference oil (TMC
1006-1) and an assessment of the test results obtained with this oil and the reference elastomers. By
these means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically
similar to those obtained by other laboratories.
The TMC also uses the reference oil results on different batches of elastomers from different
laboratories to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. Some
specifications, for example, Specification D4485, use the updated TMC standard deviation estimates,
pertaining at the time test oils are evaluated, to adjust specification limits for the effects of the industry
test variability.
Various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils
against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement in connection with
several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to this test method.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several
reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by
determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in
the oil for a specified time and temperature.
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to
the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible
with the liquid or oil.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0.07 on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020April 1, 2022. Published September 2020April 2022. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
D7216D7216 – 20a. – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D7216-20A.10.1520/D7216-22.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center updates changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information letters
can be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206. (www.astmtmc.cmu.edu) Attention: Administrator.203 Armstrong Drive,
Freeport, PA 16229. (www.astmtmc.org) Attention: Director. This edition incorporates revisions in all information letters through No. 20-2.21-1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7216 − 22
NOTE 1—The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in
liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of
the operations of this test method.
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be
subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential
sealing performance of any el
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7216 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with
1
Typical Seal Elastomers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test method described in
2
this standard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides a reference oil (TMC
1006-1) and an assessment of the test results obtained with this oil and the reference elastomers. By
these means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically
similar to those obtained by other laboratories.
The TMC also uses the reference oil results on different batches of elastomers from different
laboratories to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. Some
specifications, for example, Specification D4485, use the updated TMC standard deviation estimates,
pertaining at the time test oils are evaluated, to adjust specification limits for the effects of the industry
test variability.
Various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oils
against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement in connection with
several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to this test method.
1. Scope* resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed.
When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the
said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with
NOTE 1—The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of
several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing
Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion
materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated
in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compat-
by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness,
ibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the
execution of the operations of this test method.
and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are
immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order
evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical prop-
might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they
erties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of
can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation
of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
combination in any service condition usually requires tests
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
additional to those described in this test method.
Subcommittee D02.B0.07 on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests
Methods.
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally
in this test method were chosen to be representative of those
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D7216 – 20a. DOI:
used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1)
10.1520/D7216-22.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered
updates changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method
letters can be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong
can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of
Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. (www.astmtmc.org) Attention: Director. This edition
incorporates revisions in all information letters through No. 21-1. automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
...
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