ASTM C128-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the fine aggregate. Depending on the procedure used, the density, in kg/m3 (lb/ft3) is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent density. Likewise, relative density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as OD, SSD, or as apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density are determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD density, SSD relative density, and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate particles and provides an average value representing the sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C 29/C 29M, which includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used for lightweight aggregates.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 128 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption
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of Fine Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 128; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheaverage
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including
the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density
2. Referenced Documents
(specific gravity), and the absorption of the fine aggregate.
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3 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Depending on the procedure used, the density, in kg/m (lb/ft )
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or
and Voids in Aggregate
as apparent density. Likewise, relative density (specific grav-
C70 Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate
ity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as OD, SSD, or as
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No.
apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity). The OD
200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
density and OD relative density are determined after drying the
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
aggregate. The SSD density, SSD relative density, and absorp-
Aggregates
tion are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a
C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
prescribed duration.
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the
C 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate
C 566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content
particles and provides an average value representing the
of Aggregate by Drying
sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C 29/
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
C 29M, which includes the volume of voids between the
Testing Size
particles of aggregates.
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used for light-
D 854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
weight aggregates.
Water Pycnometer
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density
AASHTONo.T84 SpecificGravityandAbsorptionofFine
shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as
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Aggregates
appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and
3. Terminology
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
3.1 Definitions:
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
3.1.1 absorption, n—the increase in mass of aggregate due
considered as requirements of this test method.
to water penetrating into the pores of the particles, during a
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee the ASTM website.
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C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates. Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originally Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 128–04a. http://www.transportation.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C128–07
prescribed period of time but not including water adhering to the computation of voids in aggregate in Test Method C 29/
the outsid
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