ASTM C128-04a

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the fine aggregate. Depending on the procedure used, the density, in kg/m3 (lb/ft3) is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent density. Likewise, relative density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as OD, SSD, or as apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density are determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD density, SSD relative density, and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate particles and provides an average value representing the sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C 29/C 29M, which includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used for lightweight aggregates.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2004
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.20 - Aggregates

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C128-04 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM C128-07 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C87/C87M-23 - Standard Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C604-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C70-20 - Standard Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E3355-23 - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) in Storage Area(s) for Beneficial Use
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6023-16 - Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, Cement Content, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C566-19 - Standard Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C144-18 - Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6932/D6932M-21 - Standard Guide for Materials and Construction of Open-Graded Friction Course Plant Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1761/C1761M-23 - Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregate for Internal Curing of Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1800/C1800M-16 - Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Roller-Compacted Concrete Specimens Using the Gyratory Compactor
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C270-19ae1 - Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D7370/D7370M-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Density and Absorption of Fine, Coarse, and Blended Aggregate Using Combined Vacuum Saturation and Rapid Submersion
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6995-21 - Standard Test Method for Determining Field VMA Based on the Maximum Specific Gravity of an Asphalt Mixture (G<inf>mm</inf>)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 128 – 04a
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption
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of Fine Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 128; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheaverage
density of a quantity of fine aggregate particles (not including
2. Referenced Documents
the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(specific gravity), and the absorption of the fine aggregate.
3 3
C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)
Depending on the procedure used, the density, in kg/m (lb/ft )
and Voids in Aggregate
is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or
C 70 Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate
as apparent density. Likewise, relative density (specific grav-
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
ity), a dimensionless quality, is expressed as OD, SSD, or as
Aggregates
apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity). The OD
C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
density and OD relative density are determined after drying the
Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
aggregate. The SSD density, SSD relative density, and absorp-
C 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
tion are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a
C 566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content
prescribed duration.
of Aggregate by Drying
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
particles and provides an average value representing the
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate
Testing Size
particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C 29/
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
C 29M, which includes the volume of voids between the
AASHTONo.T84 SpecificGravityandAbsorptionofFine
particles of aggregates.
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Aggregates
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used for light-
weight aggregates.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions:
standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density
3.1.1 absorption, n—the increase in mass of aggregate due
shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as
to water penetrating into the pores of the particles, during a
appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
prescribed period of time but not including water adhering to
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and
the outside surface of the particles, expressed as percentage of
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
the dry mass.
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
3.1.2 oven-dry (OD), adj—related to aggregate particles,
considered as requirements of this test method.
the condition in which the aggregates have been dried by
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
heating in an oven at 110 6 5 °C for sufficient time to reach a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
constant mass.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 128–04. Officials, 444 North Capitol St. N.W., Suite 225, Washington, DC 20001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C 128 – 04a
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