ASTM D7593-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some fuel dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive fuel dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of fuel dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action. This test method does not purport to accurately quantify the specific fuel present in the in-service lubricant samples due to limitations associated with the aging and degradation of the fuel in the crankcase. Rather, quantification of diesel fuel is normalized using a simulated aged fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fuel dilution for in-service engine oil by gas chromatography.
1.2 Analysis can be performed directly by this test method without pretreatment or dilution of the sample.
1.3 There is no limitation for the determination of the dilution range, provided the amount of sample is within the linear range of the gas chromatograph detector. However, sample dilution can add potential error to the result and may affect the precision obtained as compared to the values presented in Section 14, which were obtained with no dilution.
1.4 This test method covers a quantitation range up to 10 % (m/m) for diesel and biodiesel, and up to 5 % (m/m) for gasoline.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Where non-SI units are provided, they are shown in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7593 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by
1
Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fuel
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel
dilution for in-service engine oil by gas chromatography.
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
1.2 Analysis can be performed directly by this test method
D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Fuel Dilution in Used
without pretreatment or dilution of the sample.
Gasoline Engine Oils by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas Chro-
1.3 There is no limitation for the determination of the matography
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
dilution range, provided the amount of sample is within the
linear range of the gas chromatograph detector. However, Fuels, and Lubricants
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
sample dilution can add potential error to the result and may
affect the precision obtained as compared to the values pre- ships
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
sented in Section 14, which were obtained with no dilution.
in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
1.4 This test method covers a quantitation range up to 10 %
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
(m/m) for diesel and biodiesel, and up to 5 % (m/m) for
Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
gasoline.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. Where non-SI units are provided, they are shown in
3.1 Definitions:
parentheses.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to Terminology D4175.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 This test method makes reference to common gas
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
chromatographicprocedures,terms,andrelationships.Detailed
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
definitions of these can be found in Practices E355 and E594.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 fuel diluent, n—in service oil analysis, is the unburned
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
fuel components that enter the engine crankcase causing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
dilution of the oil.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.4 fuel dilution, n—the amount, expressed as a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
percentage, of engine fuel found in the in-service lubricating
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
oil.
3.1.5 in-service oil, n—lubricating oil that is present in a
2. Referenced Documents
machine that has been at operating temperature for at least one
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
hour.
3.1.6 Marker Peak (MP), n—a marker peak is a chromato-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on graphic peak used to differentiate sections of a chromatogram
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
by retention time.
Subcommittee D02.96.02 on Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—For example, components that elute
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published January 2023. Originally
before this marker peak may be considered “fuel,” while
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7593 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D7593-22.
components that elute after this marker peak would be consid-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ered “oil.” This marker peak retention time could also serve as
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
thetimingforphysicalchangesinthechromatographicsystem,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. such as the time to initiate a valve change or a back-flush.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7593 − 14 D7593 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by
1
Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fuel dilution for in-service engine oil by gas chromatography.
1.2 Analysis can be performed directly by this test method without pretreatment or dilution of the sample.
1.3 There is no limitation for the determination of the dilution range, provided the amount of sample is within the linear range
of the gas chromatograph detector. However, sample dilution can add potential error to the result and may affect the precision
obtained as compared to the values presented in Section 14, which were obtained with no dilution.
1.4 This test method covers a quantitation range up to 10 % (m/m) for diesel and biodiesel, and up to 5 % (m/m) for gasoline.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Where non-SI units are provided, they are shown in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Fuel Dilution in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas Chromatography
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.02 on Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2022. Published October 2014January 2023. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
D7593 – 13.D7593 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D7593-14.10.1520/D7593-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7593 − 22
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.1.2 This test method makes reference to common gas chromatographic procedures, terms, and relationships. Detailed definitions
of these can be found in Practices E355 and E594.
3.1.2 fuel dilution, n—the amount, expressed as a percentage, of engine fuel found in the in-service lubricating oil.
3.1.3 fuel diluent, n—in service oil analysis, is the unburned fuel components that enter the engine crankcase causing dilution of
the oil.
3.1.4 fuel dilution, n—the amount, expressed as a percentage, of engine fuel found in the in-service lubricating oil.
3.1.5 in-service oil, n—lubricating oil that is present in a machine that has been at operating temperature for at least one hour.
3.1.6 Marker Peak (MP), n—a marker peak is a chromatographic peak used to differentiate sections of a chromatogram by
retention tim
...
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