ASTM D7624-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Nitration in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon-Based Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Nitration in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon-Based Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There is a wide variety of nitration compounds that may be produced and accumulate when oils react with gaseous nitrates formed during the engine combustion process. These nitration products may increase the viscosity, acidity and insolubles in the oil, which may lead to ring sticking and filter plugging. Monitoring of nitration products is therefore an important parameter in determining overall machinery health and should be considered in conjunction with data from other tests such as atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy for wear metal analysis (Test Method D5185), physical property tests (Test Methods D445 and D2896), and other FT-IR oil analysis methods for oxidation (Test Method D7414), sulfate by-products (Test Method D7415), and additive depletion (Test Method D7412), which also assess elements of the oil’s condition (1-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers monitoring nitration in gasoline and natural gas engine oils as well as in other types of lubricants where nitration by-products may form due to the combustion process or other routes of formation of nitration compounds.
1.2 This test method uses FT-IR spectroscopy for monitoring build-up of nitration by-products in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Nitration levels in gasoline and natural gas engine oils rise as combustion by-products react with the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation or a blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for monitoring of nitration in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of nitration in the oil.
1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring nitration in in-service oil and lubricant samples is described in Practice D7418. In this test method, measurement and data interpretation parameters for nitration using both direct trend analysis and differential (spectral subtraction) trend analysis are presented.
1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectral changes associated with nitration in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants. For direct trend analysis, values are recorded directly from absorption spectra and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equivalently absorbance units per centimetre). For differential trend analysis, values are recorded from the differential spectra (spectrum obtained by subtraction of the spectrum of the reference oil from that of the in-service oil) and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equivalently absorbance units per centimetre). Warnings or alarm limits can be set on the basis of a fixed maximum value for a single measurement or, alternatively, can be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1).2 In either case, such maintenance action limits should be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with the correlation of nitration changes to equipment performance.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
1.5 This test method is for petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants and is not applicable for ester-based oils, including polyol esters or phosphate esters.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6.1 Exception—The unit for wave numbers is cm-1.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to estab...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7624 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Condition Monitoring of Nitration in In-Service Petroleum
and Hydrocarbon-Based Lubricants by Trend Analysis
1
Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7624; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* lently absorbance units per centimetre). Warnings or alarm
limits can be set on the basis of a fixed maximum value for a
1.1 This test method covers monitoring nitration in gasoline
single measurement or, alternatively, can be based on a rate of
and natural gas engine oils as well as in other types of
2
change of the response measured (1). In either case, such
lubricants where nitration by-products may form due to the
maintenance action limits should be determined through sta-
combustion process or other routes of formation of nitration
tistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment,
compounds.
round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with the
1.2 This test method uses FT-IR spectroscopy for monitor-
correlation of nitration changes to equipment performance.
ing build-up of nitration by-products in in-service petroleum
NOTE 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or
and hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal ma-
recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery.
chinery operation. Nitration levels in gasoline and natural gas
Suchlimitsshouldbeestablishedinconjunctionwithadviceandguidance
engine oils rise as combustion by-products react with the oil as
from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
a result of exhaust gas recirculation or a blow-by. This test
1.5 This test method is for petroleum and hydrocarbon-
method is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for
based lubricants and is not applicable for ester-based oils,
monitoring of nitration in in-service petroleum and
including polyol esters or phosphate esters.
hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
measuring the level of nitration in the oil.
standard.
1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring nitra-
-1
1.6.1 Exception—The unit for wave numbers is cm .
tion in in-service oil and lubricant samples is described in
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Practice D7418. In this test method, measurement and data
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
interpretation parameters for nitration using both direct trend
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
analysis and differential (spectral subtraction) trend analysis
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
are presented.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectral
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
changes associated with nitration in in-service petroleum and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
hydrocarbon-based lubricants. For direct trend analysis, values
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
are recorded directly from absorption spectra and reported in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equiva-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
lently absorbance units per centimetre). For differential trend
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
analysis, values are recorded from the differential spectra
(spectrum obtained by subtraction of the spectrum of the
2. Referenced Documents
reference oil from that of the in-service oil) and reported in
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equiva-
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
Subcommittee D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to this standard.
3
In-Service Lubricants. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 20
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7624 − 21 D7624 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Condition Monitoring of Nitration in In-Service Petroleum
and Hydrocarbon-Based Lubricants by Trend Analysis
1
Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7624; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers monitoring nitration in gasoline and natural gas engine oils as well as in other types of lubricants
where nitration by-products may form due to the combustion process or other routes of formation of nitration compounds.
1.2 This test method uses FT-IR spectroscopy for monitoring build-up of nitration by-products in in-service petroleum and
hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Nitration levels in gasoline and natural gas engine oils
rise as combustion by-products react with the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation or a blow-by. This test method is designed
as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for monitoring of nitration in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the
objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of nitration in the oil.
1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring nitration in in-service oil and lubricant samples is described in Practice
D7418. In this test method, measurement and data interpretation parameters for nitration using both direct trend analysis and
differential (spectral subtraction) trend analysis are presented.
1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectral changes associated with nitration in in-service petroleum and
hydrocarbon-based lubricants. For direct trend analysis, values are recorded directly from absorption spectra and reported in units
of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equivalently absorbance units per centimetre). For differential trend analysis, values
are recorded from the differential spectra (spectrum obtained by subtraction of the spectrum of the reference oil from that of the
in-service oil) and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equivalently absorbance units per centimetre).
Warnings or alarm limits can be set on the basis of a fixed maximum value for a single measurement or, alternatively, can be based
2
on a rate of change of the response measured (1). In either case, such maintenance action limits should be determined through
statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with the correlation
of nitration changes to equipment performance.
NOTE 1—It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should
be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
1.5 This test method is for petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants and is not applicable for ester-based oils, including polyol
esters or phosphate esters.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021Oct. 1, 2022. Published January 2022October 2022. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20182021 as
D7624 – 18.D7624 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D7624-21.10.1520/D7624-22.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7624 − 22
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
-1
1.6.1 Exception—The unit for wave numbers is cm .
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and dete
...
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