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ASTM D4293-15

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications

Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for phosphate ester based fire resistant fluids for use in turbine lubrication. Only unused fluid is defined before it is installed in the turbine while fluids used in electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems is not. The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine systems that have been designed or modified to accommodate phosphate ester lubricants. Fire tests shall be performed which measure and describe the properties of the phosphate esters in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be considered or used for the description or appraisal of the fire hazard of the fluids under actual fire conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for phosphate ester based fluids for turbine lubricants and electro-hydraulic control fluids, as delivered.  
1.2 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine systems that have been designed or modified to accommodate phosphate ester fluids.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2015
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.C0.01 - Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4293-83(2008) - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Referred By
ASTM D4304-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Referred By
ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Referred By
ASTM D8323-20 - Standard Guide for Management of In-Service Phosphate Ester-based Fluids for Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Systems
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015

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ASTM D4293-15 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) ApplicationsASTM D4293-15 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications
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ASTM D4293-15 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications
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REDLINE ASTM D4293-15 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) ApplicationsREDLINE ASTM D4293-15 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications
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Technical specification
REDLINE ASTM D4293-15 - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4293 −15
Standard Specification for
Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and
Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC)
1
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Indicator Titration
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for
D1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of
phosphate ester based fluids for turbine lubricants and electro-
Electrical Insulating Liquids
hydraulic control fluids, as delivered.
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
1.2 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
systems that have been designed or modified to accommodate
ucts by Hydrometer Method
phosphate ester fluids.
D1401 TestMethodforWaterSeparabilityofPetroleumOils
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and Synthetic Fluids
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
standard.
cosity System
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D3427 Test Method forAir Release Properties of Petroleum
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Oils
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Petroleum Products
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
2. Referenced Documents
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D7546 Test Method for Determination of Moisture in New
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
and In-Service Lubricating Oils andAdditives by Relative
Open Cup Tester
Humidity Sensor
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
3
2.2 EN Standards:
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
EN 14832 Petroleum and Related Products—Determination
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent of the Oxidation Stability and Corrosivity of Fire-resistant
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
Phosphate Ester Fluids
ity)
EN 14833 Petroleum and Related Products—Determination
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
of the Hydraulic Stability of Fire Resistant Phosphate
by Potentiometric Titration
Ester Fluids
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
4
2.3 IEC Standard:
ing Oils
IEC 60247 Insulating Liquids—Measurement of Relative
Permittivity, Dielectric Dissipation Factor (tan d) and d.c.
Resistivity
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved
3
in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4293 – 83(2008). DOI: Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
10.1520/D4293-15. London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsigroup.com or from Deutsches Institut für
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Normung e.V.(DIN), Am DIN-Platz, Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM http://www.din.de.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de
the ASTM website. Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4293−15
5
2.4 Energy Institute Standard: ISO 12185 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products—
IP 510 Energy Institute Standard—Petroleum Products— Determination of Density—Oscillating U-tube Method
Determination of Organic Halogen Content—Oxidative ISO 14935 Petroleum Products—Determination of Wick
Microcoulometric Method Flame Persistence of Fire-resistant Fluids
6
ISO 15597 Petroleum Products—Determination of Chlorine
2.5 ISO Standards:
and Bromine Content—Wavelength X-ray Fluorescence
ISO 760 Determin
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4293 − 83 (Reapproved 2008) D4293 − 15
Standard Specification for
Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication and
Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC)
1
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements for phosphate ester based fire resistant fluids for use in turbine
lubrication. turbine lubricants and electro-hydraulic control fluids, as delivered.
1.2 The specification defines only unused fluid before it is installed in the turbine. It is not intended for fluids used in
electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems.
1.2 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine systems that have been designed or modified to accommodate phosphate
ester lubricants.fluids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to Sections 5 and 5.3.This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D665D664 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterAcid Number of
Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
D1744D1169 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer ReagentSpecific Resistance
(Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D2619D1401 Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of Hydraulic Fluids (Beverage Bottle Method)Water Separability of
Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
D3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petroleum Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl
Fischer Titration
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008June 1, 2015. Published November 2008July 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D4293–83(2003).D4293 – 83(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4293-83R08.10.1520/D4293-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4293 − 15
D7546 Test Method for Determination of Moisture in New and In-Service Lubricating Oils and Additives by Relative Humidity
Sensor
3
2.2 EN Standards:
EN 14832 Petroleum and Related Products—Determination of the Oxidation Stability and Corrosivity of Fire-resistant
Phosphate Ester Fluids
EN 14833 Petroleum and Related Products—Determination of the Hydraulic Stability of Fire Resistant Phosphate Ester Fluids
4
2.3 Federal Test Method IEC Standard:
791B, Method 5308IEC 60247 Corrosiveness and Oxidation Stability of Light Oils (Metal Strip)
...

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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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