ASTM F1332-99(2011)

Standard Practice for Use of SI (Metric) Units in Maritime Applications (Committee F25 Supplement to IEEE/ASTM SI 10) (Withdrawn 2017)

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the use of the International System of Units (SI) in maritime applications as well as non-SI units commonly used and accepted for use with SI units. This practice is intended to establish uniform SI practice in the maritime industry. Covered in this practice are the concept of SI, the two units comprising SI (namely, base and derived SI units), SI prefixes, basic rules for style and usage of SI as well as methods for rounding and conversion of non-SI units to SI units. Conversion factors for quantities commonly used in the maritime industry are also provided.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of SI, which is comprised of base and derived SI units. Also discussed are non-SI units that have been accepted and recognized by the CGPM as appropriate for limited use or time. Basic rules for style and usage of SI are set forth, as well as methods for conversion from non-SI units to SI units. Tables of quantities used by the marine industry are included, with present units and conversion factors given.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers the use of SI, which is comprised of base and derived SI units.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology, this practice was withdrawn in December 2017. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2011
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Dec-2017
• ICS: 01.060 - Quantities and units
• Technical Committee: F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
• Drafting Committee: F25.07 - General Requirements

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1332-99(2005) - Standard Practice for Use of SI (Metric) Units in Maritime Applications (Committee F25 Supplement to IEEE/ASTM SI 10)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Referred By: ASTM F1808-03(2019) - Standard Guide for Weight Control Technical Requirements for Surface Ships
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1332 − 99 (Reapproved 2011) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Use of SI (Metric) Units in Maritime Applications (Committee
F25 Supplement to IEEE/ASTM SI 10)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The International System of Units (SI) was developed by the General Conference on Weights and
Measures (CGPM), which is an international treaty organization. The abbreviation SI, derived from
the French “Le Système International d’Unités,” is used in all languages.
On Dec. 23, 1975, Public Law 94-168, “The Metric Conversion Act of 1975,” was signed by
President Ford, committing the United States to a coordinated voluntary conversion to the metric
system of measurement. The Act specifically defines the “metric system of measurement” as “the
International System of Units as established by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in
1960, and as interpreted or modified for the United States by the Secretary of Commerce.”
On Aug. 23, 1988, President Reagan signed into law P.L. 100-576, the Omnibus Trade and
Competitiveness Act of 1988. The Act specifies that “metric” means the modernized metric system
(SI). The Act then amended the Metric Conversion Act of 1975 to designate the metric system of
measurement as the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce.
This practice will help obtain uniform SI practice in the marine industry by providing a technical
reference for the International System of Units (SI). The practice is not intended to cover all aspects
of SI usage,buttoserveasareadyreferenceespeciallytailoredtotheoperatingneedsoftheindustry.
For further information on SI usage and conversion factors for units not found herein, refer to
IEEE/ASTM SI-10, upon which this practice is based. In the event of a conflict, IEEE/ASTM SI-10
shall take precedence. (See also NIST Special Publication 811.) Hardware and other standards in SI
are currently being developed.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 ThispracticecoverstheuseofSI,whichiscomprisedof 2.1 ASTM Standards:
base and derived SI units.Also discussed are non-SI units that IEEE/ASTM SI-10Standard for Use of the International
have been accepted and recognized by the CGPM as appropri- System of Units (SI): The Modernized Metric System
ateforlimiteduseortime.BasicrulesforstyleandusageofSI 2.2 NIST Publications:
are set forth, as well as methods for conversion from non-SI NIST Special Publication 811Guide for the Use of the
units to SI units. Tables of quantities used by the marine International System of Units (SI)
industryareincluded,withpresentunitsandconversionfactors NIST Special Publication 330The International System of
given. Units (SI)
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
General Requirements. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1332–99(2005). Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
DOI: 10.1520/F1332-99R11. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1332 − 99 (2011)
3. Terminology 5.1.2 Derived units.
3.1 Definitions: 5.2 Base Units—The International System of Units is based
3.1.1 quantity, n—measurable attribute of a physical phe- on seven base units, listed in Table 1, which by convention are
nomenon. regarded as dimensionally independent.
3.1.2 SI, n—The universally accepted abbreviation for the
5.3 Derived Units—Derived units are formed by the alge-
International System of Units as defined in the document Le
braic combination of base units and derived units. Derived
Système International d’Unités , 6th Edition, published by the
units with special names are listed in Table 2.
InternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasures(BIPM),Sevres,
5.4 Temperature—The SI unit of thermodynamic tempera-
France, 1991, and as interpreted and modified for the United
ture is the kelvin, and this unit is properly used for expressing
States by the U.S. Department of Commerce.The U.S. version
thermodynamic temperature and temperature intervals. The
of the defining document is published by the National Institute
degree Celsius is equivalent to kelvin with a different zero
of Standards and Technology as NIST Special Publication
point on the scale. Celsius temperature t equals kelvin tem-
330.
perature minus 273.15 (t = T − T where T = Kelvin and T =
o o
3.1.3 unit, n—reference value of a given quantity as defined
273.15).
by CGPM Resolution or ISO standards. There is only one unit
5.5 SI Prefixes—TheprefixesandsymbolsshowninTable3
for each quantity in SI.
are used to form decimal multiples and submultiples of SI
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
units.
3.2.1 coherent system of units—a system of units of mea-
5.6 Selection of Prefixes:
surement in which a small number of base units, defined as
5.6.1 Aprefixshouldbeselectedsothatthenumericalvalue
dimensionally independent, are used to derive all other units in
of the unit expressed will fall between 0.1 and 1000. An
the system by rules of multiplication and division with no
exception to this rule arises in the preparation of tables of
numerical factors other than unity.
values of the same quantity and in discussion of such values
4. The Concept of SI within a given context, when it is better to use the same unit
multiple.Also, for certain applications, one particular multiple
4.1 TheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI)wasdevelopedto
willcustomarilybeused;forexample,useofthemillimetrefor
provideauniversal,coherent,andpreferredsystemofunitsfor
linear dimensions in engineering drawings.
world-wide use and appropriate to the needs of modern
5.6.2 Compound prefixes should not be used; for example,
science, technology, and international commerce.
use GJ, not kMJ.
4.2 The principal features of SI are:
5.6.3 Prefixes should preferably not be used in the denomi-
4.2.1 There is one and only one unit for each quantity.
nator of compound units. Example, use V/m not mV/mm. The
4.2.2 The system is fully coherent.
exception is the kilogram as it is the base unit: J/kg, not kJ/g.
4.2.3 Designated prefixes can be attached to units to form
5.6.4 Errors in calculation may be avoided by using powers
multiples and submultiples of ten raised to a power. Use of the
of ten with the units rather than prefixes.
prefixes provides for convenient numerical values when the
magnitudeofaquantityisstated,andavoidstheneedformany
6. Non-SI Units in Use with SI
insignificant zeroes. The system is decimal, the same as the
6.1 Units in Use with SI—Certain units that are not SI have
commonly used numerical system.
been accepted for use with SI units. Some of these units,
4.2.4 Unitsandprefixesarerepresentedbystandardizedand
currently recognized as acceptable for use with SI, are listed in
internationally recognized symbols.
Table 4 and Table 5.
4.3 Afewspecificallyacceptednon-SIunitsarepermittedin
6.2 Time—The SI unit of time is the second. This unit is
conjunction with SI.
preferred and should be used when practical, particularly in
4.4 SI units, acceptable non-SI units, and prefixes are
technical calculations.
discussed in Sections 5 and 6.
6.3 Plane Angle—The SI unit of plane angle is the radian.
5. SI Units When the radian is not a convenient unit, the degree should be
used with decimal submultiples. Minutes and seconds should
5.1 SI includes two classes of units:
be used only when required (as in navigation).
5.1.1 Base units and
The U.S. edition of the English translation of the BIPM SI publication differs
TABLE 1 SI Base Units
fromthetranslationintheBIPMSIpublicationonlyinthefollowingusage:(1)The
dot is used as the decimal marker and (2) the spelling of English-language words, Quantity Base SI Unit Symbol
for example, “meter,’ liter,” and “deka” are used instead of “metre,” “litre,” and
Length metre m
“deca”inaccordancewiththe U.S. Government Printing Offıce Style Manual,which
Mass kilogram kg
follows Webster’s Third New International Dictionary rather than the Oxford
Time second s
Dictionary used in many English-speaking countries.
Electric current ampere A
The spelling of “meter” and “liter” in preference to “metre” and “litre” is
Thermodynamic temperature kelvin K
recommended by the U.S. Department of Commerce as preferred for U.S. use and
Amount of substance mole mol
is mandated by the Department of Commerce for use by all agencies of the Federal Luminous intensity candela cd
government.
F1332 − 99 (2011)
TABLE 2 SI Derived Units with Special Names
7.1.3 Weight—The weight W of a body is the effective
Name of Derived Expressed in Terms gravity force acting on it and equals the product of its mass m
Quantity SI Symbol of Base and Derived
and the local acceleration of free fall, g, so that W = mg.InSI,
unit SI Units
weightismeasuredinnewtons(N).Becausetheaccelerationof
Angle, plane radian rad mm = 1
2 2 gravity (the acceleration of free fall) varies slightly over the
Angle, solid steradian Sr m /m =1
−1
Frequency hertz Hz s
surface of the earth, the weight of a body varies accordingly,
Force newton N kg·m/s
whereas its mass is a constant.
Pressure, stress pascal Pa N/m
7.1.4 Discussion—The existence of clearly separate units
Energy, work, quantity of heat joule J N·m
Power, radiant flux watt W J/s
for mass and force in SI contrasts with the widespread use of
Electric charge, quantity of coulomb C A·s
the units lb and kg for both mass and force. Whereas the word
electricity
“weight” has been commonly used when mass is intended or
Electric potential, potential volt V W/A
difference, electromotive
implied, especially in commerce and everyday life, this use
force
should in time disappear with growing acceptance and use of
Electric capacitance farad F C/V
SI units, and the word mass (rather than weight) will be used
Electric resistance ohm Ω V/A
Electric conductance siemens s A/V
when mass is meant. The use of weight for mass should be
Magnetic flux weber Wb V·s
avoided altogether in scientific and technical communication.
Magnetic flux density tesla T Wb/m
Inductance henry H Wb/A
Luminous flux lumen lm cd·sr
8. Rules for Style and Usage of SI
Illuminance lux lx lm/m
A
Celsius temperature degree Celsius °C K
8.1 Rules for Writing Unit Symbols:
−1
Activity (of a radionuclide) becquerel Bq s
8.1.1 Particular care must be taken to use the correct
Absorbed dose gray Gy J/kg
symbolsforunitsandprefixes(forexample,Kforkelvin,kfor
Dose equivalent sievert Sv J/kg
A kilo, M for mega, m for milli). When using systems with
See 5.4.
limited character sets, as in Telex transmission or computer
printout, the standard symbols cannot be used. For these
purposes, refer to ISO 2955 or ANSI X3.50.
6.4 Area—The SI unit of area is the square metre. The
8.1.2 Unit symbols are symbols and do not vary from
hectare (ha) is a special name for square hectometre (hm ).
singular to plural.
Largelandorwaterareasaregenerallyexpressedinhectaresor
8.1.3 Unit symbols should be printed in roman (upright)
in square kilometres.
type, regardless of the type style used in the surrounding text.
6.5 Volume—The SI unit of volume is the cubic metre. The
8.1.4 Unit symbols are not followed by a period except
cubicmetre,oroneofitsmultiplesorsubmultiples,ispreferred
when used at the end of a sentence.
for all applications. The special name litre has been approved
8.1.5 The numerical value associated with a symbol should
by the CGPM for the cubic decimetre.
be separated from that symbol by a space. For example, 25.4
6.6 Mass—The SI unit of mass is the kilogram. The kilo- mm, not 25.4mm. The only exception to this rule is that no
gram, or one of the multiples or submultiples formed by space is left between the numerical value and the symbols of
attaching an SI prefix to gram, is preferred for all applications. degree, minute, and second of plane angle and degree Celsius.
For large masses (such as have been expressed in tons), the 8.1.6 Unit symbols should be used in preference to the unit
megagram is the appropriate unit. The term metric ton should
namesexceptwhenanumberwrittenoutinwordsprecedesthe
be restricted to commercial and maritime usage, and no unit; for example “seven metres” not “seven m.”
prefixes should be used with it. To avoid confusion, use of the
8.2 Rules for Writing Unit Names:
term “tonne” to indicate metric ton is discouraged.
8.2.1 The first letter of a unit name is not capitalized except
atthebeginningofasentenceorincapitalizedmaterialsuchas
7. Mass, Force, and Weight
a title.
7.1 SI, being coherent, is different from the older metric
8.2.2 Plurals of unit names are formed in the ordinary
systems in the use of distinctly separate units for mass and
manner, except for lux, hertz, and siemens, which remain the
force. In SI, the unit of force, the newton (N), is derived as the
same.
laws of physics dictate, instead of being related to gravity, and
8.2.3 No space or hyphen is used between a prefix and the
is defined as being equal to the force that imparts an accelera-
unit name; for example, kilonewton.
tion of unit (1 m/s ) to a unit mass, the kilogram (kg).
8.3 Product, Quotient, and Powers:
7.1.1 Mass—The mass of a body is a measure of its inertia,
8.3.1 To indicate the product of units when using their
that is, its resistance to a change in its motion. In practical
terms, mass represents the quantity of matter in a body (not to names, a space is left between the names (for example, newton
metre). When using symbols, a centered dot should be placed
be confused with amount of substance expressed in moles).
The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). between the symbols (for example, N·m).
7.1.2 Force—Force is the mechanical action on a body 8.3.2 To indicate the quotient of units when using their
resultingfromphysicalcontactwithanotherbodyortheaction names use the word “per” (for example, metres per second).
resulting from gra
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