ASTM D5199-01(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the nominal thickness of geotextiles, smooth surfaced geomembranes, geonets, and geocomposite drainage products.
1.2 This test method does not provide thickness values for geosynthetics under variable normal compressive stresses. This test method determines nominal thickness, not necessarily minimum thickness.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5199–01 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable mem-
brane used with foundation, soil, rock, earth or any other
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementofthenominal
geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of
thickness of geotextiles, smooth surfaced geomembranes, geo-
a man-made project, structure, or system.
nets, and geocomposite drainage products.
3.1.2 geotextiles, n—a planar product manufactured from
1.2 This test method does not provide thickness values for
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
geosyntheticsundervariablenormalcompressivestresses.This
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
test method determines nominal thickness, not necessarily
man-made project, structure, or system.
minimum thickness.
3.1.3 geotextiles, n—any permeable textile used with soil,
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
rock, earth or any other geotechnical material as an integral
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
only.
3.1.4 pressure, n—the force or load per unit area.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 thickness—(1) the distance between one planar sur-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
face and its opposite parallel and planar surface; (2) in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
textiles the distance between the upper and lower surfaces of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the material, measured under a specified pressure and time.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 For definition of other textile terms used in this
2. Referenced Documents standard, refer to Terminology D123.
3.1.7 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and geomembranes used in this standard, refer to Terminology
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D4439.
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2905 PracticeforStatementsonNumberofSpecimensfor
4. Summary of Test Method
Textiles
4.1 The nominal thicknesses of geosynthetics is determined
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
byobservingtheperpendiculardistancethatamovableplaneis
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
displaced from a parallel surface by the geotextile or geomem-
D5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thickness
brane material while under a specified pressure (2 kPa for
of Geosynthetics
geotextiles and 20 kPa for geomembranes for 5 s).
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology 5.1 Thickness is one of the basic physical properties used to
controlthequalityofmanygeosynthetics.Thicknessvaluesare
3.1 Definitions:
required in calculation of some geotextile and geomembrane
parameters such as permeability coefficients, tensile stress
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
(index), and the like thickness is not indicative of field
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
performance and therefore is not recommended for specifica-
ability and Filtration.
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally tions.
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5199 – 01. DOI:
5.2 The thickness of geotextiles and geomembranes may
10.1520/D5199-01R06.
vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
specimenduringmeasurement.Whereobservedchangesoccur,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
thickness decreases when applied pressure is increased. To
the ASTM website.
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5199–01 (2006)
minimize variation, specific sample size and applied pressure 6.2 Cutting Dies—Dies to cut specimens should have di-
are indicated in this method to ensure all results are compa- mensions at least as large as a circle of 75 mm (3 in.) diameter.
rable.
NOTE 3—Due to compressibility of many geotextiles and geomem-
5.3 To determine the effect of difference pressure loadings
branes the cutting and handling preparation may change the thickness.
on the measure thickness of geotextiles and geomembranes,
Care should be exercised to minimize these effects.
use this test method.
7. Sampling
5.4 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of
7.1 Lot Sample—In the absence of other guidelines divide
commercial shipments of geotextiles and geomembranes, but
the product into lots and take lot samples as specified in
caution is advised since information on between-laboratory
Practice D4354.
precision is incomplete. Comparative tests, as directed in 5.4.1
7.2 Laboratory Sample—Consider the units in the lot
may be advisable.
sample as the units in the laboratory sample. For the laboratory
5.4.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
sample, take a full width sample of sufficient length along the
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
selvage or edge of the roll so that the requirements of 7.3-7.5.2
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
canbemet.Excludetheinnerandouterwrapsoftherollorany
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
materialcontainingfolds,crushedareasorotherdistortionsnot
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
representative of the sampled lot.
tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
7.3 Remove test specimens from the laboratory sample in a
As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
randomlydistributedpatternacrossthewidthwithnospecimen
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
taken nearer than 100 mm (4 in.) from the selvage or roll edge,
formed from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
unless otherwise specified. For geomembranes include at least
specimens should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to
one specimen taken no more than 152 mm (6 in.) from the
each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
edge. Since seams are an important part of geomembrane
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
applications, thickness readings within 152 mm (6 in.) of each
unpaireddataandanacceptableprobabilitylevelchosenbythe
edge is appropriate.
two parties before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either
7.4 Test Specimens—From each unit in the laboratory
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and
sample, remove the specimens so that the edge of the specimen
supplier must agree to interpret future tests in the light of the
willextendbeyondtheedgeofthepressorfootby10mm(0.39
known bias.
in.) in all directions (that is, at least a circle of 75 mm (3 in.)
NOTE 1—The user should be aware that the compressibility of the
in diameter).
materials, their rebound characteristics, and the like will also affect the
7.5 Number of Specimens—Unless otherwise agreed upon,
thickness of the geotextiles and geomembranes following the time when
as when provided in an applicable material specifications, take
they are rolled up on rolls shipped and stored.
a number of test specimens per laboratory sample such that the
usermayexpectatthe95 %probabilitylevelthatthetestresult
6. Apparatus
is not more than 6.0 % of the average above or below the true
6.1 Thickness Testing Instrument —The thickness gauge
average of the sample. Determine the number of specimens per
shallhaveabase(oranvil)andafreemovingpresserfootplate
sample as follows:
whose planar faces are parallel to each other to <0.01 mm. A
7.5.1 Reliable Estimate of v—When there is a reliable
gauge with a 56.4 mm (2.22 in.) diameter presser foot, the base
estimate of v based upon extensive part records for similar
shall extend at least 10 mm in all directions further than the
2 materials tested in the user’s laboratory as directed in the
edge of the 2500 mm circular pressor foot, shall be used for
method, calculate the required number of specimens for the
measurementsofgeotextiles,geocompositedrainagematerials,
machine and cross-machine directions as follows:
and geonets. A gauge with a 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) diameter
pressor foot shall be used for laboratory measurements of n 5 ~tv / A!
geomembranes. A gauge with 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) diameter
where:
pressor foot and base may be used for field measurements of
n = number of test specimens (rounded upward to a whole
geomembrane thickness. The instruments must be capable of
number),
measuring a maximum thickness of at least 10 mm to an
v = reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of
accuracy of at least 60.02 mm. The gauges shall be con-
individual observations on similar materials in the
structed to permit gradual application of pressure to a specific
user’s laboratory under conditions of single-operation
force of 2 6 0.02 kPa (0.29 6 0.003 psi) for geotextiles and
precision, %,
20 6 0.2kPa(2.9 6 0.03psi)forgeomembranes.Dead-weight
t = the value of Student’s t for two-sided limits (see Table
loading may be used.
1), a 95 % probability level, and the degrees of
6.1.1 The specified force of 20 kPa may be inadequate for
freedom associated with the estimate of v, and
some HDPE geomembranes. A pressure in the range of 50 to
A = 5.0 % of the average, the value
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