ASTM F2204-09
(Guide)Standard Guide for Describing Shoreline Response Techniques
Standard Guide for Describing Shoreline Response Techniques
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Once the extent and type of shoreline oiling has been defined and documented using proper procedures (see Guides F1686 and F1687), decisions are made on the appropriate course of action for cleaning and restoration. In some cases, natural recovery may be the preferred approach whereas in other cases, active intervention may be appropriate. This guide summarizes the principal response techniques available.
This guide is intended to minimize possible added impact to the environment that could result from overly-aggressive cleanup. In some cases, local priorities may dictate that intensive clean-up methods may be warranted. In all cases, concurrence to use such techniques should be obtained from all the major stakeholders and must comply with applicable regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes methods of cleaning and remediating shorelines containing stranded oil. The primary goal of any shoreline countermeasure is to aid recovery while minimizing additional impact.
1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are available for consideration. These options range from natural recovery to active intervention.
1.3 The tactics listed may not be appropriate under all possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures may be appropriate on the same shoreline.
1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for selecting one technique or another, or both.
1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response are guided by the properties of the stranded oil, the degree of oiling, shoreline accessibility, shoreline geomorphology, mobility of available equipment, oceanographic and meteorological conditions, and the presence of sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to consult with the appropriate regulatory authorities as certain response options may require government authorization and approval.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2204 − 09
StandardGuide for
1
Describing Shoreline Response Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2204; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide describes methods of cleaning and remedi- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ating shorelines containing stranded oil. The primary goal of F1686 Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess Oiling
any shoreline countermeasure is to aid recovery while mini- Conditions on Shorelines
mizing additional impact. F1687 Guide for Terminology and Indices to Describe Oil-
ing Conditions on Shorelines
1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are avail-
F1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline Cleaning
able for consideration. These options range from natural
Agents: Environmental and Operational Considerations
recovery to active intervention.
F2205 Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of
1.3 The tactics listed may not be appropriate under all
Chemical Dispersants in Oil Spill Response: Tropical
possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures may be
Environments
appropriate on the same shoreline.
F2532 Guide for Determining Net Environmental Benefit of
1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for select- Dispersant Use
ing one technique or another, or both.
3. Key Terms
1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a
3.1 Mixed Sediment Beaches—Beaches are described based
spill response are guided by the properties of the stranded oil,
on the size of the inorganic sediments (Guide F1687). The
the degree of oiling, shoreline accessibility, shoreline
penetration and retention of oil stranded on a beach is largely
geomorphology, mobility of available equipment, oceano-
controlled by the sediment size. Only light oils (for example, a
graphic and meteorological conditions, and the presence of
diesel) can penetrate where sand is present whereas all but the
sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to
more viscous oils can easily penetrate into a pebble-cobble
consult with the appropriate regulatory authorities as certain
(“coarse sediment”) beach. Beaches composed of mixed sands,
response options may require government authorization and
pebbles, and cobbles are sometimes referred to as “gravel
approval.
beaches.” The surface layer often has predominantly coarse
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
sediments with increasing amounts of sand in the subsurface.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
On the mixed-sediment beaches, the coarser fractions (pebbles
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and cobbles) are infilled with the finer sediments (sands and
and are not considered standard.
granules) so that these beaches are permeable only for some
medium oils and all light oils. Pebble-cobble (“coarse sedi-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment”) beaches have open interstitial spaces so that oil
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
typically penetrates the sediments but can be easily remobi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lized by wave flushing or tidal pumping, or both.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Debris—Scattered organic or inorganic materials that
have washed up onto the shore. These materials are not part of
the natural shore zone substrate, such as sediments, attached
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
F20.17 on Shoreline Countermeasures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F2204 – 02. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2204-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2204 − 09
animals (for example, mussels or barnacles), live sea grasses,
High Pressure, Ambient Water Flushing 5.14
Low Pressure, Warm Water Flushing 5.15
or marsh plants.Accumulations of large logs that have washed
High Pressure, Warm Water Flushing 5.16
ashore provi
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2204–02 Designation: F2204 – 09
Standard Guide for
1
Describing Shoreline Response Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2204; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes methods of cleaning and remediating shorelines containing stranded oil. The primary goal of any
shoreline countermeasure is to aid recovery while minimizing additional impact.
1.2This guide describes 21 different countermeasures that are available for consideration. These countermeasures range from
natural recovery to active intervention.
1.3The countermeasures listed may not be the best for use under all possible circumstances, and multiple countermeasures may
need to be used on the same shoreline.
1.4This guide describes technical considerations for selecting one technique or another, or both. Additional guides, presently
under development, will address considerations related to habitat and oil characteristics.
1.5Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response will be guided by the properties of the stranded oil, the
degree of contamination, shoreline accessibility, shoreline geomorphology, mobility of available equipment, oceanographic and
meteorological conditions, and the presence of sensitive natural and archeological resources. Some of the response options will
require government authorization and approval.
1.6
1.2 This guide describes 22 different tactics that are available for consideration. These options range from natural recovery to
active intervention.
1.3 Thetacticslistedmaynotbeappropriateunderallpossiblecircumstances,andmultiplecountermeasuresmaybeappropriate
on the same shoreline.
1.4 This guide describes technical considerations for selecting one technique or another, or both.
1.5 Selection of specific countermeasures for use during a spill response are guided by the properties of the stranded oil, the
degree of oiling, shoreline accessibility, shoreline geomorphology, mobility of available equipment, oceanographic and
meteorological conditions, and the presence of sensitive natural and archeological resources. It is advisable to consult with the
appropriate regulatory authorities as certain response options may require government authorization and approval.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1686 Guide for Surveys to Document and Assess Oiling Conditions on Shorelines
F1687 Guide for Terminology and Indices to Describe Oiling Conditions on Shorelines
2.2 API Documents:
API Publication No. 4558Options for Minimizing Environmental Impacts of Freshwater Spill Response
3
API Publication No. 4706Environmental Considerations for Marine Oil Spill Response
3.Guide for Terminology and Indices to Describe Oiling Conditions on Shorelines
F1872 Guide for Use of Chemical Shoreline Cleaning Agents: Environmental and Operational Considerations
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.17
on Shoreline Countermeasures.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. DOI: 10.1520/F2204-02.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F2204 – 02. DOI:
10.1520/F2204-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2204 – 09
F2205 Guide for Ecological Considerations for
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