ASTM F1684-99

Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and one iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applications. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally 36% nickel and 64% iron, with the conventional alloy designated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloy designated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, containing nominally 32% nickel, 5% cobalt and 63% iron, is designated by UNS No. K93500. This specification defines the following product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No. K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing. The free-machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for bar products only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to all three alloys.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI values, shown in parentheses, are for information only.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jan-1999
• ICS: 77.100 - Ferroalloys
• ICS: 77.120.40 - Nickel, chromium and their alloys
• Technical Committee: F01 - Electronics
• Drafting Committee: F01.03 - Metallic Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F1684-99(2005)e1 - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D8303-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining Thermal Cracking Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Through Measurement of Thermally Induced Stress and Strain
• Effective Date: 10-Jan-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 1684 – 99
Standard Specification for
Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal
Expansion Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and one
Determine Conformance with Specifications
iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applica-
E 45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content
tions. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally
of Steel
36 % nickel and 64 % iron, with the conventional alloy
E 92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-
designated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloy
rials
designated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
containingnominally32 %nickel,5 %cobaltand63 %iron,is
E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals
designated by UNS No. K93500. This specification defines the
E 228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
following product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No.
Materials with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing. The free-
E 354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for bar products
Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,
only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to all three
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
alloys.
E 1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel and in Iron, Nickel and
as the standard. SI values, shown in parentheses, are for
Cobalt Alloys
information only.
E 1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 Thispertainsonlytothetestmethodsection,Section13.
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3. Ordering Information
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
the following information:
limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 Alloy, as indicated with UNS number,
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 Size,
3.1.3 Temper designation (Section 6),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 Surface finish (Section 10),
D 1971 Practices for Digestion of Samples for Determina-
3.1.5 Marking and packaging (Section 18), and
tion of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption or Plasma
3.1.6 Certification, if required.
Emission Spectroscopy
E 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
NOTE 1—Certification should include traceability of the heat to the
E 8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials original manufacturer.
E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-
3 4. Chemical Requirements
als
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell 4.1 Each alloy shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
NOTE 2—Lower levels of phosphorus and sulfur may be required for
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-1 on
certain welding applications. These lower levels shall be negotiated, as
Electronicsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1999. Published March 1999. Originally
e1 4
published as F 1684 – 96. Last previous edition F 1684 – 96 . Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1684 – 99
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and Rod
NOTE 1—Round observed or calculated values to the nearest unit in the NOTE 1—The tensile strength limits for Temper D apply only to
last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in material ⁄2 in. diameter and under. Consult 6.5 for hardness limits which
accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29. apply to larger rod sizes.
UNS No. UNS No. K93050UNS No. Tensile Strength ksi (MPa)
Element Temper Des- Temper
K93603 K93500 UNS No. UNS No. UNS No.
ignation Name
K93603 K93050 K93500
A A A
Iron, nominal remainder remainder remainder
A Annealed 85 max 85 max 85 max
A A A
Nickel, nominal 36 36 32
(586 max) (586 max) (586 max)
A
Cobalt, max 0.50 0.50 5
B Cold worked 86 min 86 min 86 min
Manganese, max 0.60 1.00 0.60
(593 min) (593 min) (593 min)
Silicon, max 0.40 0.35 0.25
D Unannealed . . . 111 max .
Carbon, max 0.05 0.15 0.05
(765 max)
B C B
Aluminum, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Magnesium, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Zirconium, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Titanium, max 0.10 . 0.10
Chromium, max 0.25 0.25 0.25
radius Brinell Hardness shall be 235 maximum. Consult Test
Selenium . 0.15 to 0.30 .
D D
Method E 10 for Brinell Hardness test procedures.
Phosphorus, max 0.015 0.020 0.015
D D
Sulfur, max 0.015 0.020 0.015
6.6 For rod forms, air anneal, followed by centerless grind-
A
For UNS No. K93603 and K93050, the iron, and nickel requirements are ing to remove scale, is an acceptable alternate.
nominal, while for UNS No. K93500, the iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are
nominal. These levels may be adjusted by the manufacturer to meet the require-
7. Grain Size
ments for the coefficient of thermal expansion as specified in 12.1.
B
The total of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium shall not exceed
7.1 (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only) Strip and
0.20 %.
C
sheet for deep drawing shall have an average grain size not
These elements are not measured for this alloy.
D
The total of phosphorus and sulfur shall not exceed 0.025 %. larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 3), and no more than 10 % of
the grains shall be larger than No. 5 when measured in
accordance with Test Methods E 112.
needed, between the vendor and user.Welding of the free-machining alloy
(UNS No. K93050) is generally not recommended. NOTE 3—This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16 grains/in.
2 of image at 1003.
5. Surface Lubricants
7.2 Finer grain sizes for deep drawing quality shall be
5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,
negotiated between user and supplier.
such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of being
removed readily by any of the common organic degreasing
8. Hardness
solvents.
8.1 Deep-Drawing Temper—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
K93500 only) For deep drawing, the hardness shall not exceed
6. Temper
157VickersHardnessformaterial0.100in.(2.54mm)andless
6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified in
in thickness and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. in
the purchase order.
thickness. The Vickers Hardness test shall be determined in
6.2 Tube—(UNSNo.K93603andNo.K93500only)Unless
accordance with Test Method E 92, while the Rockwell Hard-
otherwise agreed upon between the supplier or manufacturer
ness test shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods
and the purchaser, these forms shall be given either a final
E 18.
bright anneal or anneal and descale by the manufacturer, and
NOTE 4—For hardness conversions, use Table 3 of Standard E 140.
supplied in the annealed temper.
6.3 Strip and Sheet— (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 8.2 Rolled and Annealed Tempers—Hardness tests when
only)Theseformsshallbesuppliedinoneofthetempersgiven properly applied can be indicative of tensile strength. Hardness
in Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, as specified. scales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall be
6.4 Wire and Rod— These forms shall be supplied in one of negotiated between supplier and purchaser.
the tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwise
specified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied in 9. Tensile Strength
Temper A (annealed).
9.1 Strip and Sheet:
6.5 Rod—(UNS K93050 only) For Temper D (unannealed)
(UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only)
material, in rod sizes greater than ⁄2 in. diameter, the mid-
9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
rejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conform
with the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechani-
TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Strip and Sheet
cal properties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiated
Tensile Strength ksi (MPa)
Temper Temper
between user and supplier.
UNS No. K93603 UNS No. K93500
Designation Name
(Nominal Values) 9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-
A anealed 85 max (586 max) 85 max (586 max)
dinalaxisisparalleltothedirectionofrolling,andthetestshall
B1 2 hard 86 min (593) 86 min (593)
/
be performed in accordance with Test Methods E 8.
C hard 105 min (724) 105 min (724)
9.2 Wire and Rod:
F 1684 – 99
9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or 1hat315 6 15°C. Air cool. (3) Heat the specimen for a
rejection for the tempers given in Table 3 and shall conform to minimum of 24 h at 95 6 10°C. Air cool.
the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechanical
NOTE 5—(Applies to 13.1-13.3): Alternative thermal treatments and
properties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiated
resulting values of thermal coefficient of expansion may be negotiated
between user and supplier.
between the supplier and purchaser.
9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with Test
13.4 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics in
Methods E 8.
accordance with Test Method E 228.
14. Transformation in UNS No. K93500 Alloy
10. Surface Finish
14.1 Because its nominal 5 wt % addition of cobalt, UNS
10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be those
No.K93500Alloyismetastableattemperatureslessthanroom
resulting from the following operations:
temperature. If needed, specific minimum transformation tem-
10.1.1 Hot rolling,
peratures may be negotiated between purchaser and supplier.
10.1.2 Forging,
10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),
15. Chemical Analysis
10.1.4 Belt polishing,
15.1 Thissectiondescribesthechemicalanalysistechniques
10.1.5 Cold rolling,
to be used in case of dispute.Wherever applicable, the analysis
10.1.6 Wire and rod drawing,
proceduresdescribedinPracticesD 1971,TestMethodsE 354,
10.1.7 Annealed and descaled, and
E 1019, and Practice E 1601 should be utilized.
10.1.8 Bright annealed.
15.2 Carbon, Sulfur— Combustion method.
15.3 Aluminum, Chromium, Magnesium—Atomic absorp-
11. Inclusion Content
tion method.
11.1 Wire, Rod, Bar, Strip and Sheet—(UNS No. K93603
15.4 All Other Elements Shown in Table 1 (Excluding Iron,
and No. K93500 only) These product forms shall be free of
Nickel, and Cobalt)—Atomic absorption, optical emission or
inclusions, cracks, blow holes, and other defects that are
inductively coupled plasma (ICP or ICAP) methods.
detrimental to the quality of subsequent product.
NOTE 6—The iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are nominal (see
11.2 Inclusion ratings for certain applications (for example,
Table 1).
deep drawing) shall be negotiated between user and supplier.
Rating criteria shall be based on Test Methods E 45.
16. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
16.1 Cold-Rolled Strip—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
12. Thermal Expansion Characteristics
K93500 only) Cold-rolled strip shall conform to the permis-
12.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansion
sible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 5, Table 6,
shall be within the limits specified in Table 4. For UNS No.
and Table 7.
K93050, the supplier is requested to supply data over the
16.2 Round Wire and Rod—Wire and rod shall conform to
temperature range 30 to 150°C. Nonmandatory thermal expan-
the permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 8.
sion data are found in the Appendix X1-Appendix X3.
16.3 Cold-Drawn Tubing—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
12.2 Typical thermal expansion data, thermal expansion
K93500 only) Cold-drawn tubing, available either as seamless
data for annealed material to higher temperatures, and for the
or welded, shall conform to the permissible variations pre-
three-step anneal used for UNS K93600, are contained in
scribed in Table 9.
Appendix X1-Appendix X3.
17. General Requirements
13. Test for Thermal Expansion
17.1 The material supplied under this specification shall be
commercially smooth, uniform in cross section, in composi-
13.1 UNS No. K93603— Heat the specimen in a non-
tion, and in temper, it shall be free of scale, corrosion, cracks,
oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat8756 25°C.
seams, scratches, slivers, and other defects as best commercial
Cool at a rate not to exceed 300°C/h.
practice will permit.
13.2 UNS No. K93050— Heat the specimen in a non-
oxidizingatmosphereforaminimumof15minat815 625°C.
18. Packaging and Package Marking
Air cool.
18.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between the
13.3 UNS No. K93500—(1) Heat the specimen in a
purchaser and the seller.
non-oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat845 6
18.2 The material as furnished under this specification shall
25°C. Water quench. ( 2) Heat the specimen for a minimum of
beidentifiedbythenameorsymbolofthemanufacturerandby
heat number. The lot size for determining compliance with the
requirements of this specification shall be one heat.
TABLE 4 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
Average Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,
19. Investigation of Claims
µm/m·°C
Temperature Range,° C
UNS No. UNS No. UNS No. 19.1 Where any material fails to meet the requirements of
K93603 K93050 K93500
thisspecification,thematerialsodesignatedshallbehandledin
30 to 150 1.2 to 2.7 . .
accordance with a mutual agreement between the purchaser
−18 to 93 . . 0.9 max
and the seller.
F 1684 – 99
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled Strip
Specified Thickness, in. (mm) Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, 6 in. (mm)
Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 to 152) Over 6 to 12 (152 to 305) Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406)
0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102) 0.004 (0.102)
0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (
...