ASTM F1684-99(2005)e1

Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and one iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applications. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally 36 % nickel and 64 % iron, with the conventional alloy designated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloy designated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, containing nominally 32 % nickel, 5 % cobalt and 63 % iron, is designated by UNS No. K93500. This specification defines the following product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No. K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing. The free-machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for bar products only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to all three alloys.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI values, shown in parentheses, are for information only.
1.3 This pertains only to the test method section, Section 13 . This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2004
• ICS: 77.100 - Ferroalloys
• ICS: 77.120.40 - Nickel, chromium and their alloys
• Technical Committee: F01 - Electronics
• Drafting Committee: F01.03 - Metallic Materials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1684-99 - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM F1684-06 - Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal Expansion Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D8303-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining Thermal Cracking Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Through Measurement of Thermally Induced Stress and Strain
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
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Designation: F 1684 – 99 (Reapproved (2005)
Standard Specification for
Iron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low Thermal
Expansion Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in January 2005.
1. Scope E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and one
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal expansion applica-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
tions. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content
36 % nickel and 64 % iron, with the conventional alloy
of Steel
designated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloy
E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-
designated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,
rials
containingnominally32 %nickel,5 %cobaltand63 %iron,is
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
designated by UNS No. K93500. This specification defines the
E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals
following product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No.
E 228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing. The free-
Materials with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for bar products
E 354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply to all three
Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,
alloys.
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E 1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
as the standard. SI values, shown in parentheses, are for
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel and in Iron, Nickel and
information only.
Cobalt Alloys
1.3 Thispertainsonlytothetestmethodsection,Section13.
E 1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
3. Ordering Information
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
limitations prior to use.
the following information:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 Alloy, as indicated with UNS number,
2 3.1.2 Size,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 Temper designation (Section 6),
D 1971 Practices for Digestion of Samples for Determina-
3.1.4 Surface finish (Section 10),
tion of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption or Plasma
3.1.5 Marking and packaging (Section 18), and
Emission Spectroscopy
3.1.6 Certification, if required.
E8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-
NOTE 1—Certification should include traceability of the heat to the
als
original manufacturer.
4. Chemical Requirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on
4.1 Each alloy shall conform to the requirements as to
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originally
NOTE 2—Lower levels of phosphorus and sulfur may be required for
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1684 – 99.
certain welding applications. These lower levels shall be negotiated, as
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
needed, between the vendor and user.Welding of the free-machining alloy
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (UNS No. K93050) is generally not recommended.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F 1684 – 99 (2005)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and Rod
NOTE 1—Round observed or calculated values to the nearest unit in the NOTE 1—The tensile strength limits for Temper D apply only to
last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, in material ⁄2 in. diameter and under. Consult 6.5 for hardness limits which
accordance with the rounding-off method of PracticeE29. apply to larger rod sizes.
UNS No. UNS No. UNS No. Tensile Strength ksi (MPa)
Element Temper Des- Temper
K93603 K93050 K93500 UNS No. UNS No. UNS No.
ignation Name
K93603 K93050 K93500
A A A
Iron, nominal remainder remainder remainder
A Annealed 85 max 85 max 85 max
A A A
Nickel, nominal 36 36 32
(586 max) (586 max) (586 max)
A
Cobalt, max 0.50 0.50 5
B Cold worked 86 min 86 min 86 min
Manganese, max 0.60 1.00 0.60
(593 min) (593 min) (593 min)
Silicon, max 0.40 0.35 0.25
D Unannealed . . . 111 max .
Carbon, max 0.05 0.15 0.05
(765 max)
B C B
Aluminum, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Magnesium, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Zirconium, max 0.10 . 0.10
B C B
Titanium, max 0.10 . 0.10
6.6 For rod forms, air anneal, followed by centerless grind-
Chromium, max 0.25 0.25 0.25
Selenium . 0.15 to 0.30 .
ing to remove scale, is an acceptable alternate.
D D
Phosphorus, max 0.015 0.020 0.015
D D
Sulfur, max 0.015 0.020 0.015
7. Grain Size
A
For UNS No. K93603 and K93050, the iron, and nickel requirements are
7.1 (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only) Strip and
nominal, while for UNS No. K93500, the iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are
nominal. These levels may be adjusted by the manufacturer to meet the require-
sheet for deep drawing shall have an average grain size not
ments for the coefficient of thermal expansion as specified in 12.1.
larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 3), and no more than 10 % of
B
The total of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium shall not exceed
the grains shall be larger than No. 5 when measured in
0.20 %.
C
These elements are not measured for this alloy.
accordance with Test MethodsE112.
D
The total of phosphorus and sulfur shall not exceed 0.025 %.
NOTE 3—This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16 grains/in.
2 of image at 1003.
5. Surface Lubricants
7.2 Finer grain sizes for deep drawing quality shall be
negotiated between user and supplier.
5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,
such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of being
8. Hardness
removed readily by any of the common organic degreasing
8.1 Deep-Drawing Temper—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
solvents.
K93500 only) For deep drawing, the hardness shall not exceed
157VickersHardnessformaterial0.100in.(2.54mm)andless
6. Temper
in thickness and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. in
6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified in
thickness. The Vickers Hardness test shall be determined in
the purchase order.
accordance with Test MethodE92, while the Rockwell Hard-
6.2 Tube—(UNSNo.K93603andNo.K93500only)Unless
ness test shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods
otherwise agreed upon between the supplier or manufacturer
E18.
and the purchaser, these forms shall be given either a final
bright anneal or anneal and descale by the manufacturer, and NOTE 4—For hardness conversions, use Table 3 of Standard E 140.
supplied in the annealed temper.
8.2 Rolled and Annealed Tempers—Hardness tests when
6.3 Strip and Sheet— (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500
properly applied can be indicative of tensile strength. Hardness
only)Theseformsshallbesuppliedinoneofthetempersgiven
scales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall be
in Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, as specified.
negotiated between supplier and purchaser.
6.4 Wire and Rod— These forms shall be supplied in one of
the tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwise
9. Tensile Strength
specified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied in
9.1 Strip and Sheet:
Temper A (annealed).
(UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only)
6.5 Rod—(UNS K93050 only) For Temper D (unannealed)
9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
material, in rod sizes greater than ⁄2 in. diameter, the mid-
rejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conform
radius Brinell Hardness shall be 235 maximum. Consult Test
with the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechani-
MethodE10 for Brinell Hardness test procedures.
cal properties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiated
between user and supplier.
9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-
TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Strip and Sheet
dinalaxisisparalleltothedirectionofrolling,andthetestshall
Tensile Strength ksi (MPa)
Temper Temper
be performed in accordance with Test MethodsE8.
UNS No. K93603 UNS No. K93500
Designation Name
(Nominal Values) 9.2 Wire and Rod:
A anealed 85 max (586 max) 85 max (586 max)
9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
B ⁄2 hard 86 min (593) 86 min (593)
rejection for the tempers given in Table 3 and shall conform to
C hard 105 min (724) 105 min (724)
the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechanical
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F 1684 – 99 (2005)
NOTE 5—(Applies to 13.1-13.3): Alternative thermal treatments and
properties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiated
resulting values of thermal coefficient of expansion may be negotiated
between user and supplier.
between the supplier and purchaser.
9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with Test
13.4 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics in
MethodsE8.
accordance with Test Method E 228.
10. Surface Finish
14. Transformation in UNS No. K93500 Alloy
10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be those
14.1 Because its nominal 5 wt % addition of cobalt, UNS
resulting from the following operations:
No.K93500Alloyismetastableattemperatureslessthanroom
10.1.1 Hot rolling,
temperature. If needed, specific minimum transformation tem-
10.1.2 Forging,
peratures may be negotiated between purchaser and supplier.
10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),
10.1.4 Belt polishing,
15. Chemical Analysis
10.1.5 Cold rolling,
15.1 Thissectiondescribesthechemicalanalysistechniques
10.1.6 Wire and rod drawing,
to be used in case of dispute.Wherever applicable, the analysis
10.1.7 Annealed and descaled, and
proceduresdescribedinPracticesD 1971,TestMethodsE 354,
10.1.8 Bright annealed.
E 1019, and Practice E 1601 should be utilized.
15.2 Carbon, Sulfur— Combustion method.
11. Inclusion Content
15.3 Aluminum, Chromium, Magnesium—Atomic absorp-
11.1 Wire, Rod, Bar, Strip and Sheet—(UNS No. K93603
tion method.
and No. K93500 only) These product forms shall be free of
15.4 All Other Elements Shown in Table 1 (Excluding Iron,
inclusions, cracks, blow holes, and other defects that are
Nickel, and Cobalt)—Atomic absorption, optical emission or
detrimental to the quality of subsequent product.
inductively coupled plasma (ICP or ICAP) methods.
11.2 Inclusion ratings for certain applications (for example,
deep drawing) shall be negotiated between user and supplier.
NOTE 6—The iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are nominal (see
Rating criteria shall be based on Test MethodsE45. Table 1).
16. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
12. Thermal Expansion Characteristics
16.1 Cold-Rolled Strip—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
12.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansion
K93500 only) Cold-rolled strip shall conform to the permis-
shall be within the limits specified in Table 4. For UNS No.
sible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 5, Table 6,
K93050, the supplier is requested to supply data over the
and Table 7.
temperature range 30 to 150°C. Nonmandatory thermal expan-
16.2 Round Wire and Rod—Wire and rod shall conform to
sion data are found in the Appendix X1-Appendix X3.
the permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 8.
12.2 Typical thermal expansion data, thermal expansion
16.3 Cold-Drawn Tubing—(UNS No. K93603 and No.
data for annealed material to higher temperatures, and for the
K93500 only) Cold-drawn tubing, available either as seamless
three-step anneal used for UNS K93600, are contained in
or welded, shall conform to the permissible variations pre-
Appendix X1-Appendix X3.
scribed in Table 9.
13. Test for Thermal Expansion
17. General Requirements
13.1 UNS No. K93603— Heat the specimen in a non-
17.1 The material supplied under this specification shall be
oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat8756 25°C.
commercially smooth, uniform in cross section, in composi-
Cool at a rate not to exceed 300°C/h.
tion, and in temper, it shall be free of scale, corrosion, cracks,
13.2 UNS No. K93050— Heat the specimen in a non-
seams, scratches, slivers, and other defects as best commercial
oxidizingatmosphereforaminimumof15minat815 625°C.
practice will permit.
Air cool.
13.3 UNS No. K93500—(1) Heat the specimen in a
18. Packaging and Package Marking
non-oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat845 6
18.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between the
25°C. Water quench. ( 2) Heat the specimen for a minimum of
purchaser and the seller.
1hat315 6 15°C. Air cool. (3) Heat the specimen for a
18.2 The material as furnished under this specification shall
minimum of 24 h at 95 6 10°C. Air cool.
beidentifiedbythenameorsymbolofthemanufacturerandby
heat number. The lot size for determining compliance with the
requirements of this specification shall be one heat.
TABLE 4 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
Average Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,
19. Investigation of Claims
µm/m·°C
Temperature Range,° C
UNS No. UNS No. UNS No. 19.1 Where any material fails to meet the requirements of
K93603 K93050 K93500
thisspecification,thematerialsodesignatedshallbehandledin
30 to 150 1.2 to 2.7 . .
accordance with a mutual agreement between the purchaser
−18 to 93 . . 0.9 max
and the seller.
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F 1684 – 99 (2005)
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled Strip
Specified Thickness, in. (mm) Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, 6 in. (mm)
Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 to 152) Over 6 to 12 (152 to 305) Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406)
0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102) 0.004 (0.102)
0.099 to 0.069
...