ASTM D1209-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
Standard Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the visual measurement of the color of essentially light colored liquids (Note 1). It is applicable only to materials in which the color-producing bodies present have light absorption characteristics nearly identical with those of the platinum-cobalt color standards used. Note 1-A procedure for estimating color of darker liquids, described for soluble nitrocellulose base solutions, is given in Methods D365.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 6.
1.3 For specific hazard information, see the Material Safety Data Sheet.
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Designation:D1209–00
Standard Test Method for
Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1209; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the visual 3.1 The property of color of a solvent varies in importance
measurement of the color of essentially light colored liquids with the application for which it is intended, the amount of
(Note 1). It is applicable only to materials in which the color that can be tolerated being dependent on the color
color-producing bodies present have light absorption charac- characteristics of the material in which it is used. The paint,
teristicsnearlyidenticalwiththoseoftheplatinum-cobaltcolor varnish, and lacquer solvents, or diluents commercially avail-
standards used. able on today’s market normally have little or no color. The
presence or absence of color in such material is an indication
NOTE 1—A procedure for estimating color of darker liquids, described
of the degree of refinement to which the solvent has been
for soluble nitrocellulose base solutions, is given in Methods D 365.
subjected or of the cleanliness of the shipping or storage
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
container in which it is handled, or both.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 For a number of years the term “water-white” was
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
considered sufficient as a measurement of solvent color.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Several expressions for defining “water-white” gradually ap-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
pearedanditbecameevidentthatamoreprecisecolorstandard
statements see Section 6.
was needed. This was accomplished in 1952 with the adoption
1.3 For specific hazard information, see the Material Safety
of Test Method D 1209 using the platinum-cobalt scale. This
Data Sheet.
test method is similar to the description given in Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water and is
2. Referenced Documents
referredtobymanyas“APHAColor.”Thepreparationofthese
2.1 ASTM Standards:
platinum-cobalt color standards was originally described byA.
D 156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Prod-
Hazen in the American Chemical Journal in which he
ucts (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
assigned the number 5 (parts per ten thousand) to his platinum-
D 365 Test Methods for Soluble Nitrocellulose Base Solu-
cobalt stock solution. Subsequently, in their first edition (1905)
tions
of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water, the
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
American Public Health Association, using exactly the same
D 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
concentration of reagents, assigned the color designation 500
Cobalt Scale)
(parts per million) which is the same ratio. The parts per
E 202 Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols and
million nomenclature is not used since color is not referred
Propylene Glycols
directly to a weight relationship. It is therefore recommended
E 346 Test Methods for Analysis of Methanol
thattheincorrectterm“HazenColor”shouldnotbeused.Also,
because it refers primarily to water, the term“APHAColor” is
1 undesirable. The recommended nomenclature for referring to
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of the color of organic liquids is “Platinum-Cobalt Color, Test
Subcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.
Method D 1209.”
Current edition approved May 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally
published as D 1209 – 52. Last previous edition D 1209 – 97.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, M. Franson,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Ed., American Public Health Assoc., 14th ed., 1975, p. 65.
5 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Hazen, A., “New Color Standard for Natural Waters,” American Chemical
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05. Journal, Vol XIV, 1892, p. 300–310.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1209–00
TABLE 1 Absorbance Tolerance Limits For No. 500 Platinum-
4.3 Color Comparison Tubes—Matched 100-mL, tall-form
Cobalt Stock Solution
Nessler tubes, provided with ground-on, optically clear, glass
Wavelength, nm Absorbance
caps.Tubesshouldbeselectedsothattheheightofthe100-mL
430 0.110 to 0.120
graduation mark is 275 to 295 mm above the bottom of the
455 0.130 to 0.145
tube.
480 0.105 to 0.120
4.4 Color Comparator—A color comparator constructed to
510 0.055 to 0.065
permit visual comparison of light transmitted through tall-
form, 100-mL Nessler tubes in the direction of their longitu-
TABLE 2 Platinum-Cobalt Color Standards dinal axes.The comparator should be constructed so that white
light is passed through or reflected off a white glass plate and
Color Standard Stock Solution, Color Standard Stock Solution,
Number mL Number mL
directed with equal intensity through the tubes, and should be
5 1 70 14
shielded so that no light enters the tubes from the side.
10 2 100 20
15 3 150 30
5. Reagents
20 4 200 40
25 5 250 50 5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
30 6 300 60
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
35 7 350 70
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
40 8 400 80
50 10 450 90 tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
A
60 12 500 100
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
A
This is platinum-cobalt color No. 10 in Methods D 365.
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
TABLE 3 Platinum-Cobalt Color Standards for Very Light Colors
accuracy of the determination.
Color Standard Stock Solution, Color Standard Stock Solution,
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
Number mL Number mL
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanreagentwaterconforming
1 0.20 9 1.80
to Type IV of Specification D 1193.
2 0.40 10 2.00
5.3 Cobalt Chloride (CoCl ·6H O).
2 2
3 0.60 11 2.20
5.4 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)—Concentrated hydro-
4 0.80 12 2.40
5 1.00 13 2.60
chloric acid (HCl).
6 1.20 14 2.80
5.5 Potassium Chloroplatinate (K PtCl ).
2 6
7 1.40 15 3.00
8 1.60
6. Platinum-Cobalt Reference Standards
6.1 Platinum-Cobalt Stock Solution— Dissolve 1.245 g of
potassium chloroplatinate (K PtCl ) and 1.00 g of cobalt
2 6
3.3 The petroleum industry uses the Saybolt colorimeter
chloride (CoCl ·6H O) in water. Carefully add 100 mL of
2 2
Test Method D 156 for measuring and defining the color of
hydrochloric acid (HCl, sp gr 1.19) and dilute to 1 L with
hydrocarbon solvents; however, this system of color measure-
water. The absorbance of the 500 platinum-cobalt stock solu-
ment is not commonly employed outside of the petroleum
tion in a cell having a 10-mm light path, with reagent water in
industry. It has been reported by various sources that a Saybolt
a matched cell as the reference solution, must fall within the
color of +25 is equivalent to 25 in the platinum-cobalt system
limits given in Table 1.
or to c
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