ASTM E289-04

Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid Solids with Interferometry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear thermal expansion of rigid solids using either a Michelson or Fizeau interferometer.
1.2 For this purpose, a rigid solid is defined as a material which, at test temperature and under the stresses imposed by instrumentation, has a negligible creep, insofar as significantly affecting the precision of thermal length change measurements.
1.3 It is recognized that many rigid solids require detailed preconditioning and specific thermal test schedules for correct evaluation of linear thermal expansion behavior for certain material applications. Since a general method of test cannot cover all specific requirements, details of this nature should be discussed in the particular material specifications.
1.4 This test method is applicable to the approximate temperature range 150 to 700C. The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation and calibration materials used.
1.5 The precision of measurement of this absolute method (better than 40 nm/(mK)) is significantly higher than that of comparative methods such as push rod dilatometry (for example, Test Methods D 696 and E 228) and thermomechanical analysis (for example, Test Method E 831) techniques. It is applicable to materials having low and either positive or negative coefficients of expansion (below 5 m/(mK)) and where only very limited lengths or thickness of other higher expansion coefficient materials are available.
1.6 Computer or electronic based instrumentation, techniques and data analysis systems equivalent to this test method can be used. Users of the test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2004
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.05 - Thermophysical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E289-99 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid Solids with Interferometry
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM E289-04(2010) - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid Solids with Interferometry
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E228-22 - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D1039-16(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C539-84(2021) - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by Interferometric Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1470-20 - Standard Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Advanced Ceramics
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1300-95(2020) - Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by Interferometric Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E251-20a - Standard Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E289 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid Solids with
1
Interferometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of linear
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
thermal expansion of rigid solids using either a Michelson or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Fizeau interferometer.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 For this purpose, a rigid solid is defined as a material
which, at test temperature and under the stresses imposed by
2. Referenced Documents
instrumentation, has a negligible creep, insofar as significantly
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
affectingtheprecisionofthermallengthchangemeasurements.
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex-
1.3 It is recognized that many rigid solids require detailed
pansion of Plastics Between Ø30°C and 30°C with a
preconditioning and specific thermal test schedules for correct
Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
evaluation of linear thermal expansion behavior for certain
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
material applications. Since a general method of test cannot
Comparison Techniques
cover all specific requirements, details of this nature should be
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
discussed in the particular material specifications.
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
1.4 This test method is applicable to the approximate
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
temperaturerange−150to700°C.Thetemperaturerangemay
ology
be extended depending on the instrumentation and calibration
E831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
materials used.
Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
1.5 The precision of measurement of this absolute method
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
(better than 640 nm/(m·K)) is significantly higher than that of
comparative methods such as push rod dilatometry (for ex-
3. Terminology
ample, Test Methods D696 and E228) and thermomechanical
3.1 Definitions:
analysis (for example, Test Method E831) techniques. It is
3.1.1 The following terms are applicable to this document
applicable to materials having low and either positive or
and are listed in Terminology E473 and E1142: coefficient of
negative coefficients of expansion (below 5 µm/(m·K)) and
linear thermal expansion, thermodilatometry, thermomechani-
where only very limited lengths or thickness of other higher
cal analysis.
expansion coefficient materials are available.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 Computer or electronic based instrumentation, tech-
3.2.1 thermalexpansivity, a ,attemperatureT,iscalculated
T
niquesanddataanalysissystemsequivalenttothistestmethod
as follows from slope of length v temperature curve:
canbeused.Usersofthetestmethodareexpresslyadvisedthat
1 L 2 L 1 dL
all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is
2 1
limit
a 5 5 with T , T , T (1)
T T → T 1 i 2
2 1
L T 2 T L dT
the responsibility of the user to determine the necessary i 2 1 i
equivalency prior to use.
and expressed as µm/m·K.
NOTE 1—Thermal expansivity is sometimes referred to as instanta-
neous coefficient of linear expansion.
1
This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.05 onThermo-
2
physical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally contact ASTM Customer service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E289–99. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0289-04. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E289 – 04
3.2.2 mean coeffıcient of linear thermal expansion, a , the
m
average change in length relative to the length of the specimen
accompanying a change in temperature between temperatures
T and T , expressed as follows:
1 2
1 L 2 L 1 DL
2 1
am 5 · 5 · (2)
L T 2 T L DT
0 2 1 o
where:
a is obtained by dividing the linear thermal expansion
m
(DL/L ) by the change of temperature (DT). It
...