ASTM E662-17a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for determining the specific optical density of the smoke generated by specimens of materials and assemblies under the specified exposure conditions. Values determined by this test are specific to the specimen or assembly in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent fundamental properties of the material tested. Thus, it is likely that closely repeatable or reproducible experimental results are not to be expected from tests of a given material when specimen thickness, density, or other variables are involved.
5.2 The photometric scale used to measure smoke by this test method is similar to the optical density scale for human vision. However, physiological aspects associated with vision are not measured by this test method. Correlation with measurements by other test methods has not been established.4
5.3 At the present time no basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other fire conditions.
5.4 The test method is of a complex nature and the data obtained are sensitive to variations which in other test methods might be considered to be insignificant (see Section 6). A precision statement based on the results of a roundrobin test by a prior draft version of this test method is given in 14.1
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm).
1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion.
1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:E662 −17a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid C1186Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets
materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in C1288 Specification for Discrete Non-Asbestos Fiber-
thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). Cement Interior Substrate Sheets
D2843Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning
1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam
or Decomposition of Plastics
by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decom-
E662Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
position and flaming combustion.
Generated by Solid Materials
1.3 Resultsareexpressedintermsofspecificopticaldensity
which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured
3. Terminology
optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentra-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms found in this test
tion of smoke.
method refer to Terminology E176.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 4. Summary of Test Method
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.1 This test method employs an electrically heated radiant-
and are not considered standard.
energy source mounted within an insulated ceramic tube and
2
1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of
positioned so as to produce an irradiance level of 2.2 Btu/s·ft
2
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
(2.5 W/cm ) averaged over the central 1.5-in. (38.1-mm)
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
diameter area of a vertically mounted specimen facing the
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
radiant heater. The nominal 3 by 3-in. (76.2 by 76.2-mm)
materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
specimen is mounted within a holder which exposes an area
9 9
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measuring 2 ⁄16 by 2 ⁄16 in. (65.1 by 65.1 mm). The holder is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
able to accommodate specimens up to 1 in. (25.4 mm) thick.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
This exposure provides the nonflaming condition of the test.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 For the flaming condition, a six-tube burner is used to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
apply a row of equidistant flamelets across the lower edge of
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
the exposed specimen area and into the specimen holder
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
trough. This application of flame in addition to the specified
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
irradiance level from the heating element constitutes the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
flaming combustion exposure.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.3 The test specimens are exposed to the flaming and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
nonflaming conditions within a closed chamber.Aphotometric
systemwithaverticallightpathisusedtomeasurethevarying
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and
2
Combustion Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E662–17. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E0662-17A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E662−17a
light transmission as smoke accumulates. The li
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E662 − 17 E662 − 17a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials
and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm).
1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within
a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion.
1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured
optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled
conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products
or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets
C1288 Specification for Discrete Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate Sheets
D2843 Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms found in this test method refer to Terminology E176.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method employs an electrically heated radiant-energy source mounted within an insulated ceramic tube and
2 2
positioned so as to produce an irradiance level of 2.2 Btu/s·ft (2.5 W/cm ) averaged over the central 1.5-in. (38.1-mm) diameter
area of a vertically mounted specimen facing the radiant heater. The nominal 3 by 3-in. (76.2 by 76.2-mm) specimen is mounted
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Combustion
Products.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017July 1, 2017. Published March 2017July 2017. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20152017 as
E662 – 15a.E662 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E0662-17.10.1520/E0662-17A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E662 − 17a
9 9
within a holder which exposes an area measuring 2 ⁄16 by 2 ⁄16 in. (65.1 by 65.1 mm). The holder is able to accommodate specimens
up to 1 in. (25.4 mm) thick. This exposure provides the nonflaming condition of the test.
4.2 For the flaming condition, a six-tube burner is used to apply a row of equidistant flamelets across the lower edge of the
exposed specimen area and into the specimen holder tr
...
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