ASTM D3858-95(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water by Velocity-Area Method
Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water by Velocity-Area Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the volume rate of flow of water moving in rivers and streams and moving over or through large man-made structures. It can also be used to calibrate such measuring structures as dams and flumes. Measurements may be made from bridges, cableways, or boats; by wading; or through holes cut in an ice cover.
This test method is used in conjunction with determinations of physical, chemical, and biological quality and sediment loadings where the flow rate is a required parameter.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the volume rate of flow of water in open channels by determining the flow velocity and cross-sectional area and computing the discharge therefrom (Refs (1-7) ).²
1.2 The procedures described in this test method are widely used by those responsible for the collection of streamflow data, for example, the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Army Coprs of Engineers, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Water Survey Canada, and many state and provincial agencies. The procedures are generally from internal documents of the above listed agencies, which have become the defacto standards as used in North America.
1.3 This test method covers the use of current meters to measure flow velocities. Discharge measurements may be made to establish isolated single values, or may be made in sets or in a series at various stages or water-level elevations to establish a stage-discharge relation at a site. In either case, the same test method is followed for obtaining field data and computation of discharge.
1.4 Measurements for the purpose of determining the discharge in efficiency tests of hydraulic turbines are specified in International Electrotechnical Commission Publication 41³ for the field acceptance tests of hydraulic turbines, and are not included in this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D 3858 – 95 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water by Velocity-Area
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Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the volume 2.1 ASTM Standards:
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rate of flow of water in open channels by determining the flow D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
velocity and cross-sectional area and computing the discharge D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
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therefrom (Refs (1-7) ). Applicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
1.2 The procedures described in this test method are widely D 4409 Test Method forVelocity Measurements ofWater in
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used by those responsible for the collection of streamflow data, Open Channels with Rotating Element Current Meters
for example, the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Reclama- D 5089 Test Method forVelocity Measurements ofWater in
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tion, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of Open Channels with Electromagnetic Current Meters
Agriculture, Water Survey Canada, and many state and pro- 2.2 ISO Standard:
vincial agencies. The procedures are generally from internal ISO 3455 (1976) Calibration of Rotating-Element Current
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documents of the above listed agencies, which have become Meters in Straight Open Tanks
the defacto standards as used in North America.
3. Terminology
1.3 This test method covers the use of current meters to
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
measure flow velocities. Discharge measurements may be
madetoestablishisolatedsinglevalues,ormaybemadeinsets 3.1.1 current meter—an instrument used to measure, at a
point, velocity of flowing water.
or in a series at various stages or water-level elevations to
establish a stage-discharge relation at a site. In either case, the 3.1.2 discharge—the volume of flow of water through a
cross section in a unit of time, including any sediment or other
same test method is followed for obtaining field data and
solids that may be dissolved in or mixed with the water.
computation of discharge.
1.4 Measurements for the purpose of determining the dis- 3.1.3 float—a buoyant article capable of staying suspended
in or resting on the surface of a fluid; often used to mark the
charge in efficiency tests of hydraulic turbines are specified in
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International Electrotechnical Commission Publication 41 for thread or trace of a flow line in a stream and to measure the
magnitude of the flow velocity along that line.
the field acceptance tests of hydraulic turbines, and are not
included in this test method. 3.1.4 stage—the height of a water surface above an estab-
lished (or arbitrary) datum plane; also termed gage height.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The principal of this test method consists in effectively
and accurately measuring the flow velocity and cross-sectional
area of an open channel or stream. The total flow or discharge
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
measurement is the summation of the products of partial areas
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomor-
of the flow cross section and their respective average veloci-
phology, and Open-Channel Flow.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originally
ties. The equation representing the computation is:
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3858 – 95(1999).
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The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references listed at the end of
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this test method. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
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For availability of this publication, contact the International Electrotechnical Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
Commission, 3 rue de Varembe, CH 1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 3858 – 95 (2003)
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FIG. 1 Typical Open-Channel Vertical-Velocity Curve (Modified from Buchanan and Somers)
Q 5 ( ~av! 4.3 Determination o
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