ASTM D5521/D5521M-13
(Guide)Standard Guide for Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers
Standard Guide for Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular Aquifers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A properly designed, installed, and developed groundwater monitoring well, constructed in accordance with Practice D5092 should provide the following: representative samples of groundwater that can be analyzed to determine physical properties and water-quality parameters of the sample or potentiometric levels that are representative of the total hydraulic head of that portion of the aquifer screened by the well, or both. Such a well may also be utilized for conducting aquifer tests used for the purpose of determining the hydraulic properties of the geologic materials in which the well has been completed.
4.2 Well development is an important component of monitoring well completion. Monitoring wells installed in aquifers should be sufficiently developed to ensure that they serve their intended objectives. Well development methods vary with the physical characteristics of the geologic formation in which the monitoring well is screened, the construction details of the well, the drilling method used during the construction of the borehole in which the well is installed, and the quality of the water. The development method for each individual monitoring well should be selected from among the several methods described in this guide and should be employed by the well construction contractor or the person responsible for monitoring well completion.
4.3 The importance of well development in monitoring wells cannot be overestimated; all too often development is not performed or is carried out inadequately. Proper and careful well development will improve the ability of most monitoring wells to provide representative, unbiased chemical and hydraulic data. The additional time and money spent performing this important step in monitoring well completion will minimize the potential for damaging pumping equipment and in-situ sensors, and increase the probability that groundwater samples are representative of water contained in the monitored formation. Practice D3740 provid...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the development of screened wells installed for the purpose of obtaining representative groundwater information and water quality samples from granular aquifers, though the methods described herein could also be applied to wells used for other purposes. Other well-development methods that are used exclusively in open-borehole bedrock wells are not described in this guide.
1.2 The applications and limitations of the methods described in this guide are based on the assumption that the primary objective of the monitoring wells to which the methods are applied is to obtain representative water quality samples from aquifers. Screened monitoring wells developed using the methods described in this guide should yield relatively sediment-free samples from granular aquifer materials, ranging from gravels to silty sands. While many monitoring wells are considered “small-diameter” wells (that is, less than 10 cm [4 in.] inside diameter), some of the techniques described in this guide will be more easily applied to large-diameter wells (that is, 10 cm [4 in.] or greater inside diameter).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction ...
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Designation: D5521/D5521M − 13
Standard Guide for
Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular
1
Aquifers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5521/D5521M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
1.1 This guide covers the development of screened wells
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
installed for the purpose of obtaining representative ground-
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
water information and water quality samples from granular
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
aquifers, though the methods described herein could also be
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
applied to wells used for other purposes. Other well-
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
development methods that are used exclusively in open-
document means only that the document has been approved
borehole bedrock wells are not described in this guide.
through the ASTM consensus process.
1.2 The applications and limitations of the methods de-
scribed in this guide are based on the assumption that the
2. Referenced Documents
primary objective of the monitoring wells to which the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
methods are applied is to obtain representative water quality
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
samples from aquifers. Screened monitoring wells developed
Fluids
using the methods described in this guide should yield rela-
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
tively sediment-free samples from granular aquifer materials,
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
ranging from gravels to silty sands. While many monitoring
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
wells are considered “small-diameter” wells (that is, less than
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
10 cm [4 in.] inside diameter), some of the techniques
Used at Waste Sites
described in this guide will be more easily applied to large-
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater
diameter wells (that is, 10 cm [4 in.] or greater inside
Monitoring Wells
diameter).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1 Definitions:
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.1 For definitions of common terminology terms used
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
within this guide, refer to Terminology D653.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
with the standard.
3.2.1 air entrapment—trapping of air or other gas in pore
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
spaces of the formation or filter pack during development with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
compressed air.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 air lift pump—a device consisting of two pipes, with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
one (the air line) inside the other (the eductor pipe), used to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
withdraw water from a well. The lower ends of the pipes are
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information
submerged, and compressed air is delivered through the inner
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
pipe to form a mixture of air and water. This mixture rises in
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
the outer pipe to the surface because the specific gravity of this
mixture is less than that of the water column.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5521 – 05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5521_D5521M-13. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5521 − 05 D5521/D5521M − 13
Standard Guide for
Development of Groundwater Monitoring Wells in Granular
1
Aquifers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5521;D5521/D5521M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers the development of screened wells installed for the purpose of obtaining representative groundwater
information and water quality samples from granular aquifers, though the methods described herein could also be applied to wells
used for other purposes. Other well-development methods that are used exclusively in open-borehole bedrock wells are not
described in this guide.
1.2 The applications and limitations of the methods described in this guide are based on the assumption that the primary
objective of the monitoring wells to which the methods are applied is to obtain representative water quality samples from aquifers.
Screened monitoring wells developed using the methods described in this guide should yield relatively sediment-free samples from
granular aquifer materials, ranging from gravels to silty sands. While many monitoring wells are considered “small-diameter”
wells (that is, less than four inches in 10 cm [4 in.] inside diameter), some of the techniques described in this guide will be more
easily applied to large-diameter wells (that is, four-inches 10 cm [4 in.] or greater in inside diameter).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. All other units in
parentheses are provided for information only.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005Aug. 1, 2013. Published December 2005September 2013. Originally approved in 1994. Discontinued in 2002 and reinstated as
e1
D5521–05. Last previous edition approved in 19942005 as D5521–94 . DOI: 10.1520/D5521-05. – 05. DOI: 10.1520/D5521_D5521M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5521/D5521M − 13
3.1.1 Many of the terms discussed in this guide are contained in For definitions of common terminology terms used
...
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