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ASTM F2300-04a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological Testing

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the physiological measurement of internal body core temperature, skin temperature, thermal exposure time, heart rate response, oxygen consumption, and whole body sweat rate, to assess the effectiveness of Personal Cooling Systems in reducing the effects of thermal stress.
1.1.1 To increase safety during physiological testing, this dynamic test requires the use of human participants who exhibit specific health and physical fitness requirements.
1.2 This test incorporates the use of protective clothing ensembles (outer garments) used in conjunction with or worn over top of the PCS. This scope is therefore oriented to industrial rather than athletic applications.
1.2.1 The effectiveness of different PCS will be quantified with the same protective clothing ensemble. Therefore, the physiological values obtained apply only to the cooling systems, the particular protective outer garment, and the specific test conditions.
1.2.2 When a protective outer garment is not provided, this test method requires that PCS shall be tested with the standard outer garment defined within this test method.
1.2.3 The present standard does not attempt to determine important clothing characteristics, such as thermal insulation and evaporative resistance, of the PCS or of the garments worn with the PCS. Test Method F 1291 can be referenced for clothing measurements.
1.3 The values stated in this test method shall be SI units.
1.4 It is the responsibility of the test laboratory to obtain the necessary and appropriate approval(s) required by their institution for conducting tests using human participants.
1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
13.180 - Ergonomics
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.60 - Human Factors
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2300-04 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological Testing
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM F2300-05 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological Testing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1494-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2668-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Determining the Physiological Responses of the Wearer to Protective Clothing Ensembles
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM F2300-04a - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological TestingASTM F2300-04a - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological Testing
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ASTM F2300-04a - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological Testing
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2300–04a
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems
1
Using Physiological Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Individuals in various occupations are exposed to high heat stress resulting from increased
metabolism, or the environment, or both. Environmental heat stress can be especially severe when
individuals are required to wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), which impairs or prevents
evaporation of sweat from the skin, and thus nullifies the body’s principal means of removing
metabolic heat. Failure to dissipate this heat can dramatically limit work capacity and heat tolerance,
thereby increasing the risk of heat-related illness. To reduce this risk, workers are wearing Personal
Cooling Systems (PCS) to extend their exposure time to thermal stress. These systems are intended
to limit the effects of external environmental heat and the internally generated metabolic heat on the
body. For this purpose, standards that objectively quantify the effectiveness of PCS are essential.
Therefore,teststhatmeasureimportantphysiologicalvariables,suchascoretemperature,areessential
in evaluating PCS applications and increasing worker’s health and safety.
1. Scope and evaporative resistance, of the PCS or of the garments worn
with the PCS. Test Method F 1291 can be referenced for
1.1 This test method covers the physiological measurement
clothing measurements.
of internal body core temperature, skin temperature, thermal
1.3 The values stated in this test method shall be SI units.
exposure time, heart rate response, oxygen consumption, and
1.4 It is the responsibility of the test laboratory to obtain the
whole body sweat rate, to assess the effectiveness of Personal
necessary and appropriate approval(s) required by their insti-
Cooling Systems in reducing the effects of thermal stress.
tution for conducting tests using human participants.
1.1.1 To increase safety during physiological testing, this
1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the
dynamic test requires the use of human participants who
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
exhibit specific health and physical fitness requirements.
responsibility of the user of this test method to establish
1.2 This test incorporates the use of protective clothing
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
ensembles (outer garments) used in conjunction with or worn
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
over top of the PCS. This scope is therefore oriented to
industrial rather than athletic applications.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1 The effectiveness of different PCS will be quantified
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with the same protective clothing ensemble. Therefore, the
F 1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation
physiological values obtained apply only to the cooling sys-
of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
tems, the particular protective outer garment, and the specific
F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
test conditions.
2.2 Other Standards:
1.2.2 When a protective outer garment is not provided, this
ISO 8996 Ergonomics—Determination of Metabolic Heat
test method requires that PCS shall be tested with the standard
3
Production
outer garment defined within this test method.
ISO 9886 Ergonomics—Evaluation of Thermal Strain by
1.2.3 The present standard does not attempt to determine
3
Physiological Measurements
important clothing characteristics, such as thermal insulation
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Protective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.60 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Human Factors. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 2300 - 04. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2300–04a
The Commission for Thermal Physiology of the Interna- expenditure, is usually expressed in terms of unit area of the
2
tional Union of Physiolog
...

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4.1 This test method can be used to quantify and compare the cooling provided by different personal cooling systems (PCS) worn with a standard outer garment or with a specified protective outer garment.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Exoskeletons are being used in the industrial, military, response, medical, and recreational sectors to enhance safety and effectiveness of the user to perform tasks. Confined spaces exist in many of these areas, as shown in Fig. 1, requiring people to fit through small spaces and this is potentially even more difficult while wearing an exoskeleton. For example, in the automobile manufacturing industry, workers wearing exoskeletons are required to fit into a confined automobile door opening while carrying tools to attach components to the car body. In emergency response operations, exoskeletons are used to enhance the safety and effectiveness of emergency responders operating in hazardous and confined space environments for search and rescue of victims. The testing results of exoskeletons shall describe, in a statistically significant way, how reliably the exoskeleton is able to support tasks within the specified types of environments, confinements, and terrains, and thus provide sufficiently high levels of confidence to determine the applicability of the exoskeleton.  
5.2 This test method addresses exoskeleton safety and performance requirements expressed by emergency responders, military, manufacturing, or other organizations requesting this test. The safety and performance data captured within this test method are indicative of the test exoskeleton’s and the exoskeleton user’s (see 9.6.6) capabilities. The safety and performance data from these tests are essential to guiding the procurement and deployment decisions of exoskeleton purchasers and users.  
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SCOPE
1.1 Purpose:  
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5.6 The integration of ergonomic principles into occupational systems may increase profit by lowering direct and indirect costs associated with preventable losses, injuries, and illnesses.  
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SCOPE
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4.2 The measurements of heat removal rates and duration of cooling provided by the PCS depend on the apparatus, the base ensemble, and the techniques used.  
4.2.1 Departures from the instructions in this test method will potentially lead to significantly different test results.  
4.2.2 Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, temperature, air motion measurement, humidity, evaporative cooling, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Report any departures with the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a sweating manikin in an environmental chamber to measure the heat removal rate and cooling duration provided by a personal cooling garment worn with a base ensemble.2  
1.1.1 The use of a sweating heated manikin is essential because of the potentially large amount of heat dissipation from the body associated with evaporative cooling.  
1.2 The experimental values obtained for the cooling rates and cooling duration apply only to the particular PCS and additional garments worn during the test and for the environmental conditions used.  
1.2.1 It is feasible that this test method will yield unrealistically high cooling rates for ambient air circulation systems since the manikin’s surface stays continuously saturated during the test and the relative humidity in the chamber is relatively low; consequently the convective and evaporative heat loss rates from the body to the environment are probably higher from the manikin than they would be from a human, particularly in environments with higher levels of humidity.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM
ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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