ASTM D5890-06

Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP) test method for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve. The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 ± 5°C.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2005
• ICS: 17.120.01 - Measurement of fluid flow in general
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5890-02 - Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM D5890-11 - Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D6141-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D6495/D6495M-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D5889/D5889M-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5890–06
Standard Test Method for
Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component of Geosynthetic
1
Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables
E725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and
the evaluation of swelling properties of a clay mineral in
Granular Pesticides
reagent water for estimation of its usefulness for permeability
2.2 United States Pharmacopeia Standard:
or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners
3
USP-NF-XVII Bentonite
(GCL).
1.2 It is adapted from United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
3. Terminology
test method for bentonite.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying to constant
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
weight at 105 6 5°C; granular clay mineral should be ground
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
to a 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve.
man-made project, structure, or system.
The bentonite passing the 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve is
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner, n—a factory manufactured
used for testing after drying to constant weight at 105 6 5°C.
hydraulicbarrierconsistingofclaysupportedbygeotextiles,or
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
geomembranes, or both, that are held together by needling,
standard.
stitching, or chemical adhesives.
1.5 his standard does not purport to address all of the safety
3.1.3 moisture content, n—that part of the mass of a
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
geosynthetic clay liner that is absorbed water, compared to the
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
mass of dry clay.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.1.4 oven-dried, adj—the condition of a material that has
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are
been heated under prescribed conditions of temperature and
given in Section 7.
humidity until there is no further significant change in its mass.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Clay mineral is a major functional component of GCL
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
systems that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial,
D4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)
waste, or ground water through the liner.
Content of Soil by Microwave Oven Heating
4.2 Claymineralqualitycanvarysignificantlyandeffectthe
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying
hydraulicconductivityoftheGCLcomposite.Thistestmethod
Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
Construction Materials Testing
performance.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
5. Apparatus
Ventilation Ovens
5.1 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for
grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
5.2 U.S. Standard Sieve, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, and auto-
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
mated sieve shaker.
thetic Clay Liners.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published February 2006. Originally 5.3 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, preferably
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5890 - 02. DOI:
forced draft type, meeting requirements of Specification E145
10.1520/D5890-06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD 20852.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5890–06
and capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 105 6 7. Hazards
5°C throughout the drying chamber.
7.1 Handle hot containers with a container holder.
5.4 Desiccator, of suitable size containing indicator silica
7.2 Safety precautions supplied by t
...