ASTM D5424-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration
Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.
5.2 Smoke obscuration quantifies the visibility in fires.
5.3 This test method is also suitable for measuring the rate of heat release as an optional measurement. The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated.
5.4 Other optional fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are major indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion, and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic gases, which are specific to certain materials, are less crucial for determining combustion completeness.
5.5 Test Limitations:
5.5.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test method are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.
5.5.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test method is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.
5.5.3 This is an intermediate-scale test, and the predictability of its results to large scale fires has not been determined. Some information exists to suggest that it has been validated against some large-scale scenarios.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable trays.
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method, nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire condition.
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.
1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both.
1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.
1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)
1.11 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire r...
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Designation:D5424 −14
Standard Test Method for
Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in
Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical
1
Cable Tray Configuration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5424; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the
1.11 This standard measures and describes the response of
smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well
materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
ventilated conditions.
1.12 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
exposingthematerials,whenmadeintocablespecimens,toan
conducting these tests.
ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the
duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
release characteristics of the materials contained in single and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
use in cable trays.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the
2. Referenced Documents
fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire
2
conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
method, nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
developing fire condition.
E84Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
the end of the test are obtained.
E800GuideforMeasurementofGasesPresentorGenerated
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.
During Fires
1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by pho-
E1354Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
tographic or video recordings, or both.
Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-
sumption Calorimeter
1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other,
IEEE/ASTM SI 10Standard for Use of the International
optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique
3
and weight loss. 2.2 NFPA Standards:
NFPA 70National Electrical Code
1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concen-
NFPA289Standard Method of Fire Test for Individual Fuel
trations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.
Packages
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D09.17 on Fire and Thermal Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5424–10. DOI: Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
10.1520/D5424-14. Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5424−14
4
2.3 Underwriters Laboratories Standards: 4.2 Theverticalcabletraythatholdsthespecimenislocated
UL 1581Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, in an enclosure of specified dimensions.
and Flexible Cords
4.3 A hood,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5424 − 10 D5424 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in
Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical
1
Cable Tray Configuration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5424; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials
contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming
ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition
source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release
characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable
trays.
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions
other than the ones specifically used in this test method, nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire
condition.
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.
1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both.
1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning
specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.
1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
(See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)
1.11 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled
conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products
or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.12 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting
these tests.
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.21 on Fire Performance Standards.
Current edition approved March 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2014. Published April 2010November 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
as D5424D5424 – 10.–05. DOI: 10.1520/D5424-10.10.1520/D5424-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5424 − 14
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires
E1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption
Calorimeter
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3
2.2 NFPA Standard:Standards:
ANSI/NFPA 70-1990NFPA 70 National Electrical Code—1990, National Fire Protecti
...
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