ASTM D6361-98(2004)e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaning requirements for specifications for manufacturing, maintenance, or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be application specific for each cleaning task and to assure the design engineer that the process selected by the industrial or manufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the part material and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows the industrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selection of the cleaning product based on the materials of the part being cleaned; the cleanliness required for the subsequent process(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safety concerns.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers, manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers in selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guide takes into account environmental pollution prevention factors in a selection process.
1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers through the cleaning material selection process, calling for engineers to customize their selection based on the cleaning requirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can be cleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through several process steps that have cleaning requirements. This eliminates extra cleaning process steps during the total process. A total life cycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study is recommended to compare the methods available.
1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equipment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and to some extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assemblies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, or electronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning or super-critical fluid cleaning.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:D6361–98(Reapproved2004)
Standard Guide for
Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in May 2004.
1. Scope D3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
Adhesives
1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers,
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
in selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guide
D3519 Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender
takes into account environmental pollution prevention factors
Test)
in a selection process.
D3601 Test Method for Foam In Aqueous Media (Bottle
1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of
Test)
acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers
D3707 Test Method for Storage Stability of Water-in-Oil
through the cleaning material selection process, calling for
Emulsions by the Oven Test Method
engineers to customize their selection based on the cleaning
D3709 Test Method for Stability of Water-in-Oil Emulsions
requirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can be
Under Low to Ambient Temperature Cycling Conditions
cleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through several
D3762 Test Method forAdhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-
process steps that have cleaning requirements. This eliminates
ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)
extracleaningprocessstepsduringthetotalprocess.Atotallife
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
cycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study is
Glass Electrode
recommended to compare the methods available.
E1720 Test Method for Determining Ready, Ultimate, Bio-
1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equip-
degradabilityofOrganicChemicalsinaSealedVesselCO
ment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and to
Production Test
some extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assem-
F483 Practice for Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Air-
blies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, or
craft Maintenance Chemicals
electronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning or
F484 Test Method for Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics in
super-critical fluid cleaning.
Contact with Liquid or Semi-Liquid Compounds
2. Referenced Documents
F485 Practice for Effects of Cleaners on UnpaintedAircraft
Surfaces
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F502 Test Method for Effects of Cleaning and Chemical
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
Maintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft Surfaces
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
F519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement
Open Cup Tester
Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Envi-
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
ronments
Closed Cup Tester
F945 Test Method for Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Alloys
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
by Aircraft Engine Cleaning Materials
Hardness
F1104 Test Method for Preparing Aircraft Cleaning Com-
pounds, Liquid Type, Water Base, for Storage Stability
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D26 on Halogenated
Testing
Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents and is the direct responsibility of
F1110 Test Method for Sandwich Corrosion Test
Subcommittee D26.03 on Cold Cleaning.
F1111 Test Method for Corrosion of Low-Embrittling Cad-
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D6361-98. DOI:
mium Plate by Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals
10.1520/D6361-98R04E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D6361–98 (2004)
G44 Practice for Exposure of Metals and Alloys by Alter- 5. Significance and Use
nate Immersion in Neutral 3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solu-
5.1 This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaning
tion
requirements for specifications for manufacturing, mainte-
G121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou-
nance, or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be
pons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
application specific for each cleaning task and to assure the
G122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of
design engineer that the process selected by the industrial or
Cleaning Agents
manufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the part
2.2 Other Documents:
material and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows the
Aerospace Material Specification (AMS) 3204/AMS 3209
industrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selection
Test for Rubber Compatibility
of the cleaning product based on the materials of the part being
ARP 1795 StockLoss Corrosion
cleaned; the cleanliness required for the subsequent pro-
FAA Technical Bulletin
cess(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safety
2.3 Military Standards:
concerns.
MIL-S-8802
MIL-S-81722
6. Procedure
MIL-W-81381/11-20
6.1 Step 1—Define the Requirements of the Facility—The
first step taken in selecting a replacement cleaner is to
3. Terminology
determine which cleaners or classes of cleaners are acceptable
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
to the requirements of the facility. These requirements include
3.1.1 cleaning effıciency, n—the measure of how well a
environmental, safety, and health requirements and the physi-
cleaning agent is able to clean a substrate.
cal and chemical properties of the cleaner itself.
3.1.2 level of cleanliness, n—the degree to which a part
6.1.1 Environmental, Safety, and Health Requirements—
must be cleaned in order to perform successfully in subsequent
Table2presentssomeofthemorecommonconcernsregarding
manufacturing or maintenance procedures, or to perform ad-
cleaning agents and their effects on the environment, and
equately in its final application.
worker safety and health. To use Table 2, the engineer should
3.1.3 pre-cleaning, n—the initial cleaning step to remove
find their concerns on the left-hand column and ensure that the
gross contaminants prior to a precision cleaning process.
cleaner meets the requirements listed in the right-hand column.
6.1.2 Physical and Chemical Properties—Table 3 presents
4. Summary of Guide
some of the more common concerns regarding cleaning agents
4.1 Thefollowingisasummaryofthefivestepapproachfor
andtheirphysicalandchemicalproperties,andthecorrespond-
selecting general cleaning agents and processes for use in
ing tests required to evaluate those properties. To use Table 3,
manufacturing, overhaul, and maintenance in industrial opera-
the engineer should find their concern(s) on the left-hand
tion. For each step, the user of the guide will provide specific
column and require the data from evaluations of the specifica-
information on a particular aspect of their process. Then, the
tions listed in the remainder of the row. Please note that this
user should consult the guide, which will provide appropriate
guide does not provide values for the inspection results. These
guidanceonevaluationcriteriathatshouldbefollowedinorder
values are to be determined by the engineer based on the
to evaluate the potential cleaning agents. Table 1 provides a
specific requirements of the operation.
summary of the user-defined requirements information and the
6.2 Step 2—Determine Materials of the Parts Being
procedures to be provided by this guide. The order of the steps
Cleaned to Ascertain Material Compatibility Test
presented in Table 1 is suggested, but not crucial to the
Requirements—The second step in using this guide is to
successful use of this guide. Section 6 will provide greater
determine the material, or materials of the parts, being cleaned.
details on both the user input and the guidance provided.
The information will provide the engineer with the material
compatibility test data required to ensure the cleaner will not
damage the parts being cleaned. Table 4 presents a table to be
TABLE 1 Summary of Guide
used to determine the required material compatibility tests. To
Step Defined User Requirements Procedure
useTable 4, select the material type from the left-hand column.
1 Define the ESH, physical and Physical and Chemical Properties
The remaining information in the corresponding row provides
chemical requirements of the Test—Verify that the prospective
the short title and the specification number for each of the tests
facility agent is acceptable.
2 Define the material(s) to be Material Compatibility Test(s)—
cleaned Verify that the prospective agent
will not harm the component(s)
TABLE 2 Environmental, Safety, and Health Requirements
being cleaned.
3 Determine shape of part (part Applicable processes and Concern Requirement
geometry) equipment Environment Compliance with all federal, state, and local laws
4 Define the reason for cleaning Performance Testing—Verify that and regulations concerning the procurement, use,
the prospective agent and and disposal of the cleaning agent and associated
process will perform to the materials.
desired level of cleanliness for the Worker safety and health Compliance with OSHA regulations, provide
particular cleaning application. sufficient personal protective equipment to ensure
5 Select cleaner Validate environment, cost, and the health and safety risks of using the cleaning
worker health and safety. agent are minimized.
´1
D6361–98 (2004)
TABLE 3 Physical and Chemical Properties
that must be performed in order to ensure material compatibil-
Concern ASTM Standard ity with the cleaning agent. It is important to note that alloys
behave differently than pure metals and different alloys behave
Flash point D56
D92
differently than other alloys; therefore, specific alloys must be
D93
utilized when conducting these compatibility tests. If data are
D3278
notavailableonaspecificalloywithaspecificcleaner,thedata
pH value E70
must be developed prior to the use of the cleaner.
Foaming properties D3519
D3601
Biodegradability E1720
Storage stability D3707
F1104
Temperature stability D3709
TABLE 4 Material Compatibility Requirements
Material Type Short Title Standard
Steel Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111
Corrosion
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Cobalt alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111
Corrosion
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Nickel alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111
Corrosion
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Titanium alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
A
Stress Corrosion of Titanium ASTM F945
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111
Corrosion
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Iron Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111
Corrosion
´1
D6361–98 (2004)
TABLE 4 Continued
Material Type Short Title Standard
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Aluminum Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Magnesium Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Brass and bronze Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Copper and alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
Stock Loss Corrosion
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Epoxy matrix with Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM F483
metals
Stock Loss Corrosion
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F1111
Corrosion
Stress Corrosion ASTM G44
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Rubber compounds Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Rubber Compatibility AMS 3204/3209
Rubber Property—Durometer ASTM D2240
Thermoset plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484
Rubber Property—Durometer ASTM D2240
Thermo plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484
Rubber Propery—Durometer ASTM D2240
Acrylics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484
Polycarbonates Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484
Optics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F484
Rubber Property—Durometer ASTM D2240
Wiring (insulation) Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
Effect on Polymide Insulated Wire Appendix X1
Rubber Compatibility AMS 3204/3209
Rubber Propery—Durometer ASTM D2240
Leather and fabrics Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F485
´1
D6361–98 (2004)
TABLE 4 Continued
Material Type Short Title Standard
Painted surfaces Effects on Painted Surfaces ASTM F502 (with
primers and paints
that are being
cleaned)
Appendix X3
Polysulfide sealants Effects on Polysulfide Sealants
A
Only applicable when dealing with engine parts exceeding 500°F.
TABLE 6 Inspection Type and Performance Requirements
6.3 Step 3—Analyze Part Geometry to Determine Accept-
able Cleaning Processes and Equipment—Once the engineer Reason for Cleaning Inspection Type Performance Requirement
has determ
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.