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ASTM D5868-01(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding

Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Due to the increased use of adhesively-bonded FRP as a result of the inherent advantages afforded by bonded rather than mechanically-fastened joints (particularly the alleviation of stress risers and stress cracking), there is a need for tests by which joints of various FRP substrates and adhesives may be compared. This test method is intended to meet such a need.  
5.2 Additional information on significance and use may be found in Guide D4896.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a lap shear test for use in measuring the bonding characteristics of adhesives for joining fiber reinforced plastics to themselves and to metals. The method is applicable to random and fiber oriented FRP.  
1.2 This test method is intended to complement Test Method D1002 and extend the application to single-lap shear adhesive joints of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) adherends. This test method is useful for generating comparative apparent shear strength data for joints made from a number of FRP materials, providing a means by which FRP surface treatments may be compared.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2022
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D14 - Adhesives
Drafting Committee
D14.40 - Adhesives for Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D5573-99(2019) - Standard Practice for Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Joints
Effective Date
01-Jun-2019
Refers
ASTM D1002-10(2019) - Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D2093-03(2017) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
Effective Date
01-Apr-2017
Refers
ASTM D4896-01(2016) - Standard Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test Results
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Refers
ASTM E4-14 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014
Refers
ASTM D5573-99(2012) - Standard Practice for Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Joints
Effective Date
01-Oct-2012
Refers
ASTM D907-12a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Refers
ASTM D907-12 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-May-2012
Refers
ASTM D907-11a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Refers
ASTM D907-11 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Refers
ASTM D2093-03(2011) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Refers
ASTM E4-10 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Refers
ASTM E4-09a - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009
Refers
ASTM E4-09 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Refers
ASTM E4-08 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008

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ASTM D5868-01(2023) - Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) BondingASTM D5868-01(2023) - Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding
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ASTM D5868-01(2023) - Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5868 − 01 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP)
Bonding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
1.1 This test method describes a lap shear test for use in
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
measuring the bonding characteristics of adhesives for joining
D2093 Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior
fiber reinforced plastics to themselves and to metals. The
to Adhesive Bonding
method is applicable to random and fiber oriented FRP.
D3163 Test Method for Determining Strength ofAdhesively
1.2 ThistestmethodisintendedtocomplementTestMethod
Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by Ten-
D1002 and extend the application to single-lap shear adhesive
sion Loading
joints of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) adherends. This test
D4896 Guide for Use ofAdhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint
method is useful for generating comparative apparent shear
Specimen Test Results
strength data for joints made from a number of FRP materials,
D5573 Practice for Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-
providing a means by which FRP surface treatments may be
Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Joints
compared.
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
ing Machines
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 2.2 SAE Standard:
SAE J1525 Lap Shear Test for Automotive-Type Adhesives
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Adhesive terminology for this test method is covered in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Terminology D907.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 This test method describes a procedure for the testing of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
lap shear bond strengths, using composite materials not rec-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ommended in Test Method D3163 such as FRP.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Significance and Use
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Due to the increased use of adhesively-bonded FRPas a
result of the inherent advantages afforded by bonded rather
2. Referenced Documents
than mechanically-fastened joints (particularly the alleviation
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of stress risers and stress cracking), there is a need for tests by
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
which joints of various FRP substrates and adhesives may be
compared. This test method is intended to meet such a need.
5.2 Additional information on significance and use may be
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
found in Guide D4896.
AdhesivesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD14.40onAdhesivesfor
Plastics.
6. Interference
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published January 2023. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5868 – 01 (2014).
6.1 Apparent shear strength may be affected by substrate
DOI: 10.1520/D5868-01R23.
properties, such as moisture absorption and strength.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5868 − 01 (2023)
7. Apparatus
7.1 Testing Machine, conforming to the requirements and
having the capabilities of the machine in Practices E4 with
self-aligning grips capable of securely grasping the specimen
throughout the test without allowing the specimen to slip.
8. Procedure
...

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1.2 The adhesives are classified at three performance levels in accordance with water-resistance as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. See Section 5 for a description of the expected exposure conditions for each class of adhesive. See Table X1.1 for a classification of typical end products that are manufactured using adhesives at the three performance levels covered by this specification.    
1.3 The following index is provided as a guide to the test methods portion of this specification:    
Section  
Tests for Physical Properties  
9  
Viscosity  
9.1.1  
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9.1.2  
Nonvolatiles  
9.1.3  
pH  
9.1.4  
Tests for Adhesive Bond  
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Block Shear Strength, Compression  
10.2  
Plywood Shear Tests  
10.3  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information purposes only.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Creep data that are obtained over a relatively short period of time in this test method can provide a measure of an adhesive bond's ability to withstand static loading in shear over a relatively long period of time. Creep measurements are made over a range of expected service conditions, including level of stress, temperature, relative humidity, and duration of load. Creep rate, creep strain, and creep modulus are calculated at the various service conditions.  
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1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions used in the science and technology of the adhesives industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 Any changes in this standard since 1988 are documented as follows:  
1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since 1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) Terms Added, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.
1.2.1.1 In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume 15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.  
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This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.
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1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.  
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Type 1 Qualification  
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5.1 This test method is designed for obtaining a qualitative estimate of the compatibility of plastics and adhesives. Due to the many process variables associated with the fabrication of plastic parts, it is not possible to use this test as a substitute for compatibility tests on actual parts.  
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1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the compatibility of adhesives with plastics based on whether the adhesive causes cracking of stressed samples.  
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ASTM D7966/D7966M-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by resistance to creep under static load.  
5.2 Test results from the evaluation of adhesive creep resistance, under designated environmental conditions of the test, provide a measure of the adhesive’s ability to withstand constant loading over a relatively long period of time.  
5.3 Creep measured with this test method is normally used in conjunction with specifications such as, but not limited to Specification D2559 and CSA O112.9 to confirm suitability of an adhesive to resist creep under designed loads when subjected to specific levels of stress, load duration and environmental conditions.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of creep properties of structural adhesives in wood-to-wood bonds when a standardized specimen is subjected to shearing stresses at various levels of static load, constant temperature, and relative humidity. Apparatus and procedures are provided for shear deformation (creep) of adhesive bonds under static load. This test method is used under the indicated conditions to evaluate resistance to creep properties of a structural wood adhesive.  
1.2 The test method is used to evaluate creep performance of adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction, marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength general construction, creep-resistant, durable adhesive bond is required. Individual block shear specimens are prepared from adhesively bonded laminations, subjected to a constant load under various combinations of temperature and relative humidity, and the amount of creep measured.  
1.3 Creep of structural wood adhesives as measured by this test method may not be comparative to other ASTM methods and is limited to the conditions of the test and procedures contained herein.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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4.2 Potato dextrose agar (PDA) provides a complete medium for the growth of fungi, while mineral salts agar (MSA) lacks a carbohydrate source and provides a less favorable medium. Use of PDA tests the adhesive film for its ability to resist the growth of fungi on its surface as well as its ability to repel a copious growth of fungi on the adjacent agar surface. Use of MSA tests the adhesive film primarily for its ability to resist the growth of fungi on its surface. When it is used, there is a reduced possibility that the growth from the agar will be mis-read as coming from the adhesive film, since fungal growth on the adjacent agar will be scant.
Note 2: The method given here using the MSA is based on Practice G21, adapted to be used with adhesives. Requirements for the use of the MSA are described in 10.2, and a mixed species of fungi is prescribed in 8.2 for the inoculum.  
4.3 The results obtained when using the procedures given in this method apply only to the species used for the testing. The test species listed in Section 8 are frequently used by laboratories to test for antifungal properties, but they are not the only ones which could be used. Selection of the fungal species to test against requires informed judgment by the testing laboratory or by the party requesting the tests. These methods are especially useful when species that have been isolated from contaminated adhesives are used as the test species (see Section 8) to aid in the selection of more effective fungicides.  
4.4 The efficacy of some biocides may change in storage due to the chemical and thermal environment to which they are subjected as components of certain adhesi...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods test the ability of adhesive films to inhibit or support the growth of selected fungal species growing on agar plates by providing means of testing the films on two agar substrates, one which promotes microbial growth, and one which does not.  
1.2 These test methods are not appropriate for all adhesives. The activity of certain biocides may not be demonstrated by these test methods as a result of irreversible reaction with some of the medium constituents.  
Note 1: As an example, quaternary ammonium compounds are inactivated by agar.  
1.3 A test method is included for use with low-viscosity adhesives along with an alternative method for use with mastic-type adhesives.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. These test methods are designed to be used by persons trained in correct microbiological techniques. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7 and in 14.3.2.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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