ASTM D5896-96(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Carbohydrate Distribution of Cellulosic Materials
Standard Test Method for Carbohydrate Distribution of Cellulosic Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method requires total hydrolysis of carbohydrate material to monosaccharides, and is thus applicable to any cellulosic or related material that undergoes substantial hydrolysis, including cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate.
The carbohydrate composition of a cellulosic material can be expressed on the basis of the total initial sample, or on the basis of the carbohydrate portion of the sample. The former requires quantitative handling and may require special knowledge of the other components present in order to establish the absolute carbohydrate level or determine individual wood hemicelluloses such as galactoglucomannan, etc. Since the solid portion of purified pulps is almost all carbohydrate (98 + %), the latter basis is often used to express the carbohydrate distribution as a percent.
If heated under alkaline conditions, isomeric sugars may begin to appear in the chromatogram. The major impurity present in purified pulps is saccharinic acids. These acidic components, and other anions such as sulfate, carbonate, and acetate are removed by a strong base anion exchange SPE, and would need to be determined separately to get a more exact carbohydrate distribution.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the carbohydrate composition of cellulosic materials such as ground wood meal, chemically refined pulp, mechanical pulps, brownstocks, and plant exudates (gums) by ion chromatography. This test method is suitable for rapid, routine testing of large numbers of samples with high accuracy and precision. For a review of this technique, see Lee (1).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statement, see Section 8.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5896 − 96 (Reapproved 2007)
StandardTest Method for
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Carbohydrate Distribution of Cellulosic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.5 mM—millimolar.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the carbo-
4. Summary of Test Method
hydrate composition of cellulosic materials such as ground
4.1 IC analysis of cellulosics requires the following opera-
wood meal, chemically refined pulp, mechanical pulps, brown-
tions:
stocks, and plant exudates (gums) by ion chromatography.This
(1) sample preparation,
test method is suitable for rapid, routine testing of large
(2) total hydrolysis,
numbers of samples with high accuracy and precision. For a
2
(3) dilution,
review of this technique, see Lee (1) .
(4) SPE,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
(5) ion chromatographic analysis, and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
(6) calibration/calculation.
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 This test method requires total hydrolysis of carbohy-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
drate material to monosaccharides, and is thus applicable to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
any cellulosic or related material that undergoes substantial
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard state-
hydrolysis, including cellulose derivatives such as cellulose
ment, see Section 8.
acetate.
5.2 The carbohydrate composition of a cellulosic material
2. Referenced Documents
can be expressed on the basis of the total initial sample, or on
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the basis of the carbohydrate portion of the sample.The former
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
requires quantitative handling and may require special knowl-
D1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
edge of the other components present in order to establish the
absolute carbohydrate level or determine individual wood
3. Terminology
hemicelluloses such as galactoglucomannan, etc. Since the
3.1 For standard terminology of cellulose and cellulose
solid portion of purified pulps is almost all carbohydrate
derivatives, see Terminology D1695.
(98 + %), the latter basis is often used to express the carbo-
hydrate distribution as a percent.
3.2 Abbreviations:
3.2.1 IC—ion chromatography,
5.3 Ifheatedunderalkalineconditions,isomericsugarsmay
3.2.2 SPE—solid phase extraction,
begin to appear in the chromatogram. The major impurity
3.2.3 PAD—pulsed amperometric detector,
present in purified pulps is saccharinic acids. These acidic
3.2.4 PED—pulsed electrochemical detector,
components, and other anions such as sulfate, carbonate, and
acetate are removed by a strong base anion exchange SPE, and
would need to be determined separately to get a more exact
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
carbohydrate distribution.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.36 on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives.
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5896 - 96 (2001).
6.1 Blender.
DOI: 10.1520/D5896-96R07.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
6.2 Screw Cap Culture Tubes, 25 by 150 mm, outside
this test method.
diameter.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.3 Refrigerator.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 6.4 Pressure Cooker.
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D5896 − 96 (Reapproved 2007)
6.5 SPE Cartridges. 6–6.5 during the dilution step. Neutralization is recommended
if the sample is to be stored before analysis.
6.6 Water Bath.
11.8 Prepare an anion exchange SPE cartridge with 5 mLof
6.7 Ion Chromatograph.
water, pass 5 mL of sample through the cartridge, discarding
6.8 Moisture Balance.
the first 3 mL, and use the remaining 2 mL to fill a 0.5-mL
6.9 Hot Plate. injectionvial.Additional0.5-mLinjectionvialsmaybefilledif
multiple injections are planned.
6.10 Pipets.
11.9 Inject the samples onto an i
...
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