ASTM D5133-01

Standard Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique

SCOPE
1.1 This test method was developed to measure the apparent viscosity of engine oil at low temperatures.
1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s-1 is produced at shear stresses below 100 Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured continuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 1°C/h over the range 5 to 40°C, or to the temperature at which the viscosity exceeds 40 000 mPas (cP).
1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method are viscosity, the maximum rate of viscosity increase (Gelation Index) and the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs.
1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 All terms in this test method are in SI units.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-2001
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5133-99 - Standard Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM D5133-05 - Standard Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D6896-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low Temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D2983-22 - Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants using a Rotational Viscometer
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D8185-18 - Standard Guide for In-Service Lubricant Viscosity Measurement
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D7110-21 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Viscosity-Temperature Relationship of Used and Soot-Containing Engine Oils at Low Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D8210-22 - Standard Test Method for Automatic Determination of Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants Using a Rotational Viscometer
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2001
• Referred By: ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D5133–01
Standard Test Method for
Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature
Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-
1
Scanning Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1.1 Discussion—See3.1.6fordefinitionofviscosityand
units.
1.1 Thistestmethodwasdevelopedtomeasuretheapparent
3.1.2 Newtonian oil, n—an oil that, at a given temperature,
viscosity of engine oil at low temperatures.
-1
exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or shear stresses.
1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s is produced at
3.1.3 non-Newtonian oil, n—an oil that, at a given tempera-
shear stresses below 100 Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured
ture, exhibits a viscosity that varies with shear stress or shear
continuouslyasthesampleiscooledatarateof1°C/hoverthe
rate.
range−5to−40°C,ortothetemperatureatwhichtheviscosity
3.1.4 shear rate, n—velocity gradient perpendicular to the
exceeds 40 000 mPa·s (cP).
direction of flow.
1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method are
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The SI unit for shear rate is the recip-
viscosity, the maximum rate of viscosity increase (Gelation
-1
rocal second (1/s; also s ).
Index)andthetemperatureatwhichtheGelationIndexoccurs.
3.1.5 shear stress, n—force per unit area in the direction of
1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine
flow.
oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The SI unit for shear stress is the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Pascal (Pa).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 viscosity, n—that property of a fluid which resists
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
flow.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Viscosity is defined as the ratio of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
applied shear stress (force causing flow) and the shear rate
1.6 All terms in this test method are in SI units.
(resultant velocity of flow per unit distance from a stationary
2. Referenced Documents surface wet by the fluid). Mathematically expressed:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
viscosity 5shearstress/shearrateor,symbolically,h5t/G (1)
D341 Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for
inwhichthesymbolsinthesecondportionofEq1aredefinedbythe
2
Liquid Petroleum Products
terms in the first portion of the equation. The SI unit for viscosity used
D3829 Test Method for Predicting the Borderline Pumping
herein is milliPascal seconds (mPa·s).
3
Temperature of Engine Oils
4
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Test Method:
D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and
3.2.1 air-binding oils—those engine oils whose borderline
3
Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature
pumping temperatures are determined by a combination of
gelation and viscous flow.
3. Terminology
3.2.2 borderline pumping temperature, n—that temperature
3.1 Definitions:
at which an engine oil may have such poor flow characteristics
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—theviscosityobtainedbyuseof
that the engine oil pump may not be capable of supplying
this test method.
sufficient lubricant to the engine.
3.2.3 calibration oil, n—Newtonian oils developed and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
used to calibrate the viscometer drive module over the viscos-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ity range required for this test method.
D02.070C on Low-Temperature Rheology of Non-Newtonian Fluids.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published February 2002. Originally
published as D5133–90. Last previous edition D5133–99.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.01. Equipment and materials for this method are available from Tannas Co., 4800
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.02. James Savage Rd., Midland, MI 48642.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5133–01
3.2.3.1 Discussion—these calibration oils are specially 3.2.13 programmable liquid cold bath, n—a liquid bath
blended to give sufficient sensitivity and range for the special having a temperature controller capable of being programmed
viscometer head used. to run the calibration and the analysis portions of the test
method.
3.2.4 computer-programmed automated analysis, n—use of
3.2.14 temperature controller, n
...