ASTM E828-81(2004)e1

Standard Test Method for Designating the Size of RDF-3 From its Sieve Analysis (Withdrawn 2009)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this test method is to provide a means of designating the size classification of RDF-3 for use by consumers and producers of RDF-3.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method of designating the size of refuse-derived fuel from its sieve analysis is applicable to the classified light fraction (RDF-3) of shredded municipal or industrial waste materials less than 0.15 m (6 in.) in size.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary information see Section 7.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method of designating the size of refuse-derived fuel from its sieve analysis is applicable to the classified light fraction (RDF-3) of shredded municipal or industrial waste materials less than 0.15 m (6 in.) in size.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D34 on Waste and Subcommittee D34.03.02 on Municipal Recovery and Resuse, this test method was withdrawn in September 2009 because it is a standard procedure method which does not pertain in particular to the waste materials for which it is titled. This standard is a basic sieve analysis method and does not designate the size of RDF-3 as indicated by the title.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Jul-1981
• Withdrawal Date: 31-Aug-2009
• ICS: 19.120 - Particle size analysis. Sieving
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E828-81(2004) - Standard Test Method for Designating the Size of RDF-3 From its Sieve Analysis
• Effective Date: 31-Jul-1981
• Referred By: ASTM E959-83(2018) - Standard Test Method for Characterizing the Performance of Refuse Size-Reduction Equipment
• Effective Date: 31-Jul-1981
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 31-Jul-1981

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation:E828–81 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Designating the Size of RDF-3 From its Sieve Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Adjunct references were corrected editorially in May 2006.
1. Scope 3.1.2 gross sample—asamplerepresentingalotofRDFand
composed of a number of increments on which neither reduc-
1.1 This test method of designating the size of refuse-
tion nor division has been performed.
derived fuel from its sieve analysis is applicable to the
3.1.3 laboratory sample—a representative portion of the
classified light fraction (RDF-3) of shredded municipal or
gross sample delivered to the laboratory for further analysis.
industrial waste materials less than 0.15 m (6 in.) in size.
3.1.4 lot—a large designated quantity of RDF-3.
1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be
3.1.5 representative sample—a sample collected in such a
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for
manner that it has characteristics equivalent to the material
information only.
being sampled.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 sample division—the process of extracting a smaller
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sample from a gross sample wherein the representative prop-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
erties of the large sample are retained.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
3.2.1 refuse-derived fuel (RDF-3)—a shredded fuel derived
precautionary information see Section 7.
from municipal solid waste (MSW) that has been processed to
2. Referenced Documents remove metal, glass, and other inorganics. This material has a
particle size such that 95 weight % passes through a 2-in.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
square-mesh screen.
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
of Coal
NOTE 1—Other refuse-derived fuel may be classified as follows:
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
RDF-1—Wastes used as a fuel in as-discarded form.
Sieves RDF-2—Wastes processed to coarse particle size with or without ferrous
metal separation.
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
RDF-4—Combustible waste processed into powder form, 95 weight % passing
Graphical form, representing distribution of sizes of broken
10-mesh screening.
coal (8 ⁄2 3 11 in. pad of 50 sheets) RDF-5—Combustible waste densified (compressed) into the form of pellets,
slugs, cubettes, or briquettes.
RDF-6—Combustible waste processed into liquid fuel.
3. Terminology
RDF-7—Combustible waste processed into gaseous fuel.
3.1 Definitions:
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1.1 air drying—a process of partial drying of RDF-3 to
bring its moisture content near to equilibrium with the atmo-
4.1 This test method covers the separation of an RDF
sphere in the room in which the sieving is to take place. sample into defined size fractions and expressing those frac-
tions as a weight percent of an air-dried sample.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
5. Significance and Use
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 onTreatment,
5.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide a means of
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved April 4, 2006. Published February 1982. DOI:
designating the size classification of RDF-3 for use by con-
10.1520/E0828-81R04E01.
sumers and producers of RDF-3.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Apparatus
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
6.1 Sieves:
Pristine forms are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order
Adjunct ADJE0828. Original adjunct produced in 1982.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E828–81 (2004)
6.1.1 Use sieves conforming to Specification E11. For 8.2 Establish the sampling procedures to be used, the
recommended sizes see Table 1. number and size of samples required to obtain a representative
6.1.1.1 For RDF-3 and larger than 50 mm (2 in.) screens sample, and the method of division of the gross sample into the
2 2
having rectangular frames 0.6 to 0.7 m (6 to 8 ft ) sieve area laboratory sample in accordance with an agreement between
are satisfactory. purchaser and supplier.
6.1.1.2 For RDF-3 50 mm (2 in.) or smaller, rectangular
NOTE 2—The statistical methods described in Test Method D2234/
2 2
frames having 2 to 4 ft (0.2 to 0.4 m ) sieve area are
D2234M may be applicable in determining the number and size of
satisfactory.
samples.
6.1.1.3 For RDF-3 smaller than 0.01 m (0.5 in.), circular
8.3 Division of the gross sample into the laboratory sample
sieves 0.3 m (12 in.) or 0.2 m (8 in.) in diameter are
may be done by coning and quartering, riffling, or by other
satisfactory.
appropriate method.
6.2 Sieving Devices:
8.4 The sample shall be approximately 2 kg (4.4 lb) in
6.2.1 Hand sieving is permissible.
weight.
6.2.2 Sieving machines that provide the necessary agitation
8.5 Air-dry the sample in a ventilated drying oven to
and tumbling action may be used. See Annex A1 for recom-
constant weight at 10 to 15°C above the ambient temperature.
mended screen sizes and machines.
(Calculate the loss in weight to percentage of moisture that
6.3 Balance (laboratory sample), having sufficient capacity
shall constitute the air-dry loss in the sieve analysis sample.)
to weigh the sample and container with a sensitivity of 0.5 g in
1000 g.
9. Procedure
7. Precautions
9.1 Weigh the air-dried sample.
9.2 Hand Sieving:
7.1 Due to the origins of RDF-3 in municipal waste,
9.2.1 Starting with the sieve having the largest opening,
common sense dictates that some precautions be observed
sieve a portion of the RDF-3 in such an increment as will allow
when conducting tests on the samples. Recommended hygienic
the individual pieces to be in direct contact with the meshes of
practices include use of gloves when handling RDF-3; wearing
the screen after the completion of shaking of each increment.
masks (NIOSH-approved type), especially while shredding
In shaking, apply a vertical as well as horizontal motion in
RDF-3 samples; conducting tests under a negative pressure
order to allow all small particles to pass through the openings,
hood when possible; and washing hands before eating or
until no more material will pass. Hand fitting is not permitted.
smoking.
9.2.2 Pass the material through successively smaller sieves
8. Sampling in increments small enough to avoid matting of the material to
the extent that the undersized material cannot reach and pass
8.1 Collect increments regularly and systematically so that
the screen.
the entire quantity of RDF sampled will be representative
9.2.3 Continue to shake the sieve after each increment is
proportionately in the gross sample, and with such frequency
added until no significant amount of material passes through
that a gross sample of the required amount shall be collected.
the screen.
Nosamplingprocedureshallbeusedthatalterstheparticlesize
9.3 Machine Sieving:
distribution.
9.3.1 When sieving machines are used, test their thorough-
ness of sieving by comparison with hand methods as described
TABLE 1 Recommended Sieve Sizes (ASTM E11–70)
in 9.2.
For screening RDF-3 the following screen
9.3.2 Stack the sieves progressively starting with the small-
series is recommended:
est aperture size, above the pan, to the largest aperture size at
Standard (mm) Alternative (in. or mesh)
the top.
100 mm 4 in.
50 mm 2 in. 9.3.3 Introducetheair-driedsampleabovethelargestscreen
25 mm 1 in.
in small enough increments such that matting of the material
12.5 mm ⁄2 in.
does not occur to an extent that prevents the undersize material
6.3 mm ⁄4 in.
from reaching and passing the screen. The amount of RDF-3
3.35 mm No. 6
1.70 mm No. 12
added to the top screen in any increment must not exceed one
850 µm No. 20
third of the volume of the screen, in order to prevent matting or
425 µm No. 40
blinding.
The following intermediate screen sizes
9.3.4 After adding each increment, assemble the pans or
may be used as needed:
Standard (mm) Alternative (in. or mesh)
trays in the machine and turn on agitation for 10 min, or up to
75 mm 3 in. 15 min if necessary, to complete screening.
37.5 mm 1.5 in.
9.3.5 Inspect each screen for evidence of matting. If a
19.0 mm ⁄4 in.
screen is mostly or entirely covered with a mat, decrease the
9.5 mm ⁄8 in.
4.75 mm No. 4 size of the initial increments such that no mat forms on any
2.36 mm No. 8
sieve, and repeat the tests.
1.18 mm No. 16
9.3.6 Whensievingofeachincrementiscomplete,promptly
600µ m No. 30
determine the weight of material remaining on each screen to
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E828–81 (2004)
the nearest 0.5 g. If more than one increment is sieved to pass 10. Report
the entire sa
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