ASTM F2192-05(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining and Reporting the Berthing Energy and Reaction of Marine Fenders
Standard Test Method for Determining and Reporting the Berthing Energy and Reaction of Marine Fenders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 General:
3.1.1 All testing shall define fender performance under velocities that decrease linearly or that are proportional to the square root of percent of remaining rated energy.
3.1.2 Rated performance data (RPD) and manufacturers' published performance curves or tables, or both, shall be based on: (1) initial deflection (berthing) velocity of 0.15 m/s and decreasing to no more than 0.005 m/s at test end, (2) testing of fully broken-in fenders (break-in testing is not required for pneumatic fenders), (3) testing of fenders stabilized at 23 ± 5°C (excluding pneumatic fenders; see 6.3), (4) testing of fenders at 0° angle of approach, and (5) deflection (berthing) frequency of not less than 1 h (use a minimum 5-min deflection frequency for pneumatic fenders.).
3.1.3 Catalogues shall also include nominal performance tolerances as well as data and methodology to adjust performance curves or tables or both for application parameters different from RPD conditions. Adjustment factors shall be provided for the following variables: (1) other initial velocities: 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 m/s; (2) other temperatures: +50, +40, +30, +10, 0, −10, −20, −30; and (3) other contact angles: 3, 5, 8, 10, 15°. In addition, RPD shall contain a cautionary statement that published data do not necessarily apply to constant-load and cyclic-loading conditions. In such cases, designers are to contact fender manufacturers for design assistance.
3.1.4 Adjustment factors for velocity and temperature shall be provided for every catalogue compound or other energy absorbing material offered by each manufacturer.
3.2 Fender Testing—Performance testing to establish RPD must use either one of two methods:
3.2.1 Method A—Deflection of full-size fenders at velocities inversely proportional to the percent of rated deflection or directly proportional to the square root of percent of remaining rated energy. Test parameters shall be as defined for published RPD. RPD tests sha...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the recommended procedures for quantitative testing, reporting, and verifying the energy absorption and reaction force of marine fenders. Marine fenders are available in a variety of basic types with several variations of each type and multiple sizes and stiffnesses for each variation. Depending on the particular design, marine fenders may also include integral components of steel, composites, plastics, or other materials. All variations shall be performance tested and reported according to this test method.
1.2 There are three performance variables: berthing energy, reaction, and deflection. There are two methods used to develop rated performance data (RPD) and published performance curves for the three performance variables.
1.3 The primary focus is on fenders used in berthside and ship-to-ship applications for marine vessels. This testing protocol does not address small fendering “bumpers” used in pleasure boat marinas, mounted to hulls of work boats, or used in similar applications; it does not include durability testing. Its primary purpose is to ensure that engineering data reported in manufacturers' catalogues are based upon common testing methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (T...
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Designation: F2192 − 05 (Reapproved 2017) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining and Reporting the Berthing Energy and
1
Reaction of Marine Fenders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Amarine fender is an energy-absorbing device that is typically secured against the face of a marine
facility or a ship’s hull for the purpose of attenuating the forces inherent in arresting the motion of
berthing vessels safely. Most modern fenders fall into three general classifications based on the
material used to absorb energy: (1) solid rubber fenders in which the material absorbs the energy, (2)
pneumatic(air-filled)fendersinwhichairabsorbstheenergy,and(3)foam-filledfendersinwhichthe
foam core absorbs the energy.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the recommended procedures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for quantitative testing, reporting, and verifying the energy
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
absorption and reaction force of marine fenders. Marine
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fenders are available in a variety of basic types with several
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
variations of each type and multiple sizes and stiffnesses for
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
each variation. Depending on the particular design, marine
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
fenders may also include integral components of steel,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
composites, plastics, or other materials.All variations shall be
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
performance tested and reported according to this test method.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 There are three performance variables: berthing energy,
2. Referenced Documents
reaction, and deflection. There are two methods used to
2
develop rated performance data (RPD) and published perfor-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mance curves for the three performance variables.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 The primary focus is on fenders used in berthside and
ship-to-ship applications for marine vessels. This testing pro-
3. Significance and Use
tocol does not address small fendering “bumpers” used in
3.1 General:
pleasure boat marinas, mounted to hulls of work boats, or used
3.1.1 All testing shall define fender performance under
insimilarapplications;itdoesnotincludedurabilitytesting.Its
velocities that decrease linearly or that are proportional to the
primary purpose is to ensure that engineering data reported in
square root of percent of remaining rated energy.
manufacturers’ catalogues are based upon common testing
3.1.2 Rated performance data (RPD) and manufacturers’
methods.
publishedperformancecurvesortables,orboth,shallbebased
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
on: (1) initial deflection (berthing) velocity of 0.15 m/s and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
decreasing to no more than 0.005 m/s at test end, (2) testing of
standard.
fully broken-in fenders (break-in testing is not required for
pneumatic fenders), (3) testing of fenders stabilized at 23 6
5°C (excluding pneumatic fenders; see 6.3), (4) testing of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
2
General Requirements. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2192–05 (2011). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F2192-05R17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2192 − 05 (2017)
fenders at 0° angle of approach, and (5) deflection (berthing) 4.2 For fender tests, all equipment used to measure and
frequencyofnotlessthan1h(useaminimum5-mindeflection record force and deflection shall be calibrated and certified
frequen
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2192 − 05 (Reapproved 2011) F2192 − 05 (Reapproved 2017)An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining and Reporting the Berthing Energy and
1
Reaction of Marine Fenders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
A marine fender is an energy-absorbing device that is typically secured against the face of a marine
facility or a ship’s hull for the purpose of attenuating the forces inherent in arresting the motion of
berthing vessels safely. Most modern fenders fall into three general classifications based on the
material used to absorb energy: (1) solid rubber fenders in which the material absorbs the energy, (2)
pneumatic (air-filled) fenders in which air absorbs the energy, and (3) foam-filled fenders in which the
foam core absorbs the energy.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the recommended procedures for quantitative testing, reporting, and verifying the energy absorption
and reaction force of marine fenders. Marine fenders are available in a variety of basic types with several variations of each type
and multiple sizes and stiffnesses for each variation. Depending on the particular design, marine fenders may also include integral
components of steel, composites, plastics, or other materials. All variations shall be performance tested and reported according to
this test method.
1.2 There are three performance variables: berthing energy, reaction, and deflection. There are two methods used to develop
rated performance data (RPD) and published performance curves for the three performance variables.
1.3 The primary focus is on fenders used in berthside and ship-to-ship applications for marine vessels. This testing protocol does
not address small fendering “bumpers” used in pleasure boat marinas, mounted to hulls of work boats, or used in similar
applications; it does not include durability testing. Its primary purpose is to ensure that engineering data reported in manufacturers’
catalogues are based upon common testing methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Significance and Use
3.1 General:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General
Requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2017. Published May 2011December 2017. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
F2192 – 05.F2192 – 05 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/F2192-05R11.10.1520/F2192-05R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2192 − 05 (2017)
3.1.1 All testing shall define fender performance under velocities that decrease linearly or that are proportional to the square
root of percent of remaining rated energy.
3.1.2 Rated performance data (RPD) and manufacturers’ published performance curves or tables, or both, shall be based on: (1)
initial deflection (berthing) velocity of 0.15 m/s and decreasing to no more than 0.005 m/s at test end, (2) testing of fully broken-in
fe
...
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