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ASTM D8332-20

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Collection of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of Microplastic Particles and Fibers

Standard Practice for Collection of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of Microplastic Particles and Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 When significant quantities of inorganic or organic material are present in water samples (high suspended solids), microplastic particles/fibers can be masked and the ability to conduct reliable identification and quantification analyses of the plastic particles/fibers can be impeded.  
5.2 In order to quantify the occurrence of microplastic particles/fibers in wastewater influent (high suspended solids), the sampling procedure must be able to reliably collect samples at a constant flow over the desired 24-hour interval to reflect changes in diurnal flow. For wastewater influent the capture flow rate should be no less than 1 GPM over the 24-hour interval (approximately 1440 gal or 5450 L total) to minimize the problem with heterogeneity of the suspended solids and to reduce the standard error (the larger the sample size, the smaller the standard error).  
5.3 In order to quantify the occurrence of microplastic particles/fibers in all other water samples with a lower content of inorganic or organic material present addressed by this practice (low to medium suspended solids), a minimum volume of 1500 L (approximately 400 gal) should be filtered through the appropriate filters or sieves to minimize potential issues with heterogeneity of suspended solids and to reduce the standard error (the larger the sample size, the smaller the standard error).  
5.4 Microplastic particles/fibers retained on the sieves are suitable for characterization in terms of size, shape, quantity, and composition (polymer type), dependent upon the chosen analytical method.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides for the collection of water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids to determine the presence, count, polymer type, and physical characteristics of microplastic particles and fibers. This collection practice has been validated for the collection of samples from drinking water, surface waters, wastewater influent and effluent (secondary and tertiary), and marine waters. This practice is not limited to these particular water matrices; however, the applicability of this practice to other aqueous matrices must be demonstrated.  
1.2 Water samples are passed through filters or sieves of adequate mesh size to enable capture of the smallest desired particle size. For waters with high or medium suspended solids content, a series of sieves with increasingly smaller mesh size should be used to prevent clogging and allow for the collection of desired particle size fractions.  
1.3 Subsequent sample preparation followed by analysis utilizing either Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), IR spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy may be used to identify the quantity (mass or number count) and composition (polymer type) of microplastic particles/fibers. The spectroscopic methods can provide a count of the number of particles and fibers present in a sample, and Py-GC/MS can provide the mass present in a sample. When desired, microplastic particle/fiber size, shape and surface characteristics can be ascertained with appropriate instruments such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where standard U.S. equipment is specified in imperial units, for example, inches and gallons. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Standard Practice—This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to addre...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Jul-2020
ICS
13.060.01 - Water quality in general
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.06 - Methods for Analysis for Organic Substances in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8332-20 - Standard Practice for Collection of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of Microplastic Particles and FibersASTM D8332-20 - Standard Practice for Collection of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of Microplastic Particles and Fibers
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ASTM D8332-20 - Standard Practice for Collection of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of Microplastic Particles and Fibers
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8332 −20
Standard Practice for
Collection of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low
Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of
1
Microplastic Particles and Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope practice cannot replace education or experience and should be
usedinconjunctionwithprofessionaljudgment.Notallaspects
1.1 This practice provides for the collection of water
of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This
samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids to
practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of
determine the presence, count, polymer type, and physical
care by which the adequacy of a given professional service
characteristics of microplastic particles and fibers. This collec-
must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without
tion practice has been validated for the collection of samples
consideration of a project’s many unique aspects.
from drinking water, surface waters, wastewater influent and
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
effluent (secondary and tertiary), and marine waters. This
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
practice is not limited to these particular water matrices;
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
however, the applicability of this practice to other aqueous
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
matrices must be demonstrated.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Water samples are passed through filters or sieves of
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
adequate mesh size to enable capture of the smallest desired
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
particle size. For waters with high or medium suspended solids
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
content, a series of sieves with increasingly smaller mesh size
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
should be used to prevent clogging and allow for the collection
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of desired particle size fractions.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 Subsequent sample preparation followed by analysis
utilizing either Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrom-
2. Referenced Documents
etry (Py-GC/MS), IR spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
may be used to identify the quantity (mass or number count)
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
and composition (polymer type) of microplastic particles/
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
fibers. The spectroscopic methods can provide a count of the
number of particles and fibers present in a sample, and
3. Terminology
Py-GC/MS can provide the mass present in a sample. When
3.1 Definitions:
desired, microplastic particle/fiber size, shape and surface
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
characteristics can be ascertained with appropriate instruments
Terminology D883.
such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.2.1 effluent, n—any stage of treated wastewater.
as the standard except where standard U.S. equipment is
3.2.2 influent, n—raw sewage entering a wastewater treat-
specified in imperial units, for example, inches and gallons. No
ment facility.
other units of measurement are included in this standard.
3.2.3 microplastic, n—any solid, synthetic organic poly-
1.5 Standard Practice—This practice offers a set of instruc-
meric material to which chemical additives or other substances
tions for performing one or more specific operations. This
may have been added, which are particles <5 mm in their
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
2
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Organic Substances in Water. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 15, 2020. Published August 2020. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8332-20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West
...

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ASTM D8333-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of Microplastic Particles and Fibers Using Raman Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, or Pyrolysis-GC/MS

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Large volumes of water are required to be sieved for accurate quantification of microplastics. Water with high to medium content of suspended solids can lead to an excess of inorganic and organic background material which can interfere with the ability to conduct reliable analyses. The presence of this background material can often impede the ability to accurately discern, distinguish and identify the number of microplastic particles in solution.  
5.2 The digestion described in this procedure allows for significant reduction of interfering substances and contaminants, rendering a sample suitable for particle and fiber characterization and identification using either Raman and IR spectroscopic analysis or for polymeric quantification and identification by Pyrolysis-GC/MS.  
5.3 For water samples with medium to low suspended solids, the oxidation and digestion steps necessary will be dependent upon the type and nature of interfering substances and contaminants and may be determined through simple trial efforts.
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1.1 This practice provides for the sample preparation of collected water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids to determine the presence, count, polymer type, and physical characteristics of microplastic particles and fibers. It has been designed for the preparation of samples collected from drinking water, surface waters, wastewater influent and effluent (secondary and tertiary), and marine waters using collection practice (Practice D8332). This practice is not limited to these particular water matrices; however, the applicability of this practice to other aqueous matrices must be demonstrated.  
1.2 This practice consists of a wet peroxide oxidation followed by progressive enzymatic digestion to the extent necessary to remove interfering organic constituents such as cellulose, lipids and chitin that are typically found in abundance in water matrices of samples with high to medium suspended solids such as wastewater influent. For water samples with low suspended solids, such as but not limited to drinking water and tertiary treated wastewater, the oxidation and digestion steps may not be necessary.  
1.3 Water samples prepared using this practice are suitable for analysis utilizing either Pyrolysis-GC/MS methods for qualitative identification and mass quantitation, or IR spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy for identifying the quantity (number count) and composition (polymer type) of microplastic particles. If desired, microplastic particle size and shape may be ascertained with appropriate instruments such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscopy techniques.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8333-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Water Samples with High, Medium, or Low Suspended Solids for Identification and Quantification of Microplastic Particles and Fibers Using Raman Spectroscopy, IR Spectroscopy, or Pyrolysis-GC/MS

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Large volumes of water are required to be sieved for accurate quantification of microplastics. Water with high to medium content of suspended solids can lead to an excess of inorganic and organic background material which can interfere with the ability to conduct reliable analyses. The presence of this background material can often impede the ability to accurately discern, distinguish and identify the number of microplastic particles in solution.  
5.2 The digestion described in this procedure allows for significant reduction of interfering substances and contaminants, rendering a sample suitable for particle and fiber characterization and identification using either Raman and IR spectroscopic analysis or for polymeric quantification and identification by Pyrolysis-GC/MS.  
5.3 For water samples with medium to low suspended solids, the oxidation and digestion steps necessary will be dependent upon the type and nature of interfering substances and contaminants and may be determined through simple trial efforts.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides for the sample preparation of collected water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids to determine the presence, count, polymer type, and physical characteristics of microplastic particles and fibers. It has been designed for the preparation of samples collected from drinking water, surface waters, wastewater influent and effluent (secondary and tertiary), and marine waters using collection practice (Practice D8332). This practice is not limited to these particular water matrices; however, the applicability of this practice to other aqueous matrices must be demonstrated.  
1.2 This practice consists of a wet peroxide oxidation followed by progressive enzymatic digestion to the extent necessary to remove interfering organic constituents such as cellulose, lipids and chitin that are typically found in abundance in water matrices of samples with high to medium suspended solids such as wastewater influent. For water samples with low suspended solids, such as but not limited to drinking water and tertiary treated wastewater, the oxidation and digestion steps may not be necessary.  
1.3 Water samples prepared using this practice are suitable for analysis utilizing either Pyrolysis-GC/MS methods for qualitative identification and mass quantitation, or IR spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy for identifying the quantity (number count) and composition (polymer type) of microplastic particles. If desired, microplastic particle size and shape may be ascertained with appropriate instruments such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscopy techniques.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A370-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.  
4.1.1 These test methods may be and are used by other ASTM Committees and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of conformance testing.  
4.1.2 The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form.  
4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard.  
4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure.  
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1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.  
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:    
Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:    
Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens  
Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
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1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...

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4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide demonstrates proper methods for installing a central-vacuum system.  
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This specification covers chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical general requirements for metal injection molded (MIM) cobalt-28chromium-6molybddenum components to be used in manufacturing surgical implants. In this specification, the MIM components covered may have been densified beyond their as-sintered density by post-sinter processing. For the chemical requirements, the components supplied in this specification must conform in accordance to the chemical requirements specified herein in Table 1. The product analysis tolerances must also conform to the product tolerances presented in Table 2. The specification also enumerates the mechanical requirements for MIM components wherein the tensile properties of the MIM must conform to the mechanical properties in Table 3. The microstructural requirements and specimen preparation shall be in accordance with Guide E3 and Practice E407.
SCOPE
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1.2 The MIM components covered by this specification may have been densified beyond their as-sintered density by post-sinter processing.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
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This specification covers general requirements for flat-rolled stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet, and strip. The steel shall be made by one of the following processes: electric-arc, electric-induction, or other suitable processes. Heat and product analyses shall conform to the chemical requirements for each of the specific elements. The material shall undergo mechanical tests such as tension test, hardness test, and bend test. Special tests like intergranular corrosion test, permeability test, Charpy impact testing and tests for detrimental intermetallic phases in wrought duplex stainless steels shall be also be performed when required.
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1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
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5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new materials for military use. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios may not be known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined when practical (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.  
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5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
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