ASTM E2286-08a
(Guide)Standard Guide for Examination of Dry Seal Impressions (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Guide for Examination of Dry Seal Impressions (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether two or more dry seal impressions have a common origin, or if a dry seal impression was created by a specific dry seal device.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving dry seal devices and their impressions.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination(s) and comparison(s) is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of particularly unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations and comparisons involving dry seal devices and their impressions.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E2286 − 08a
Standard Guide for
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Examination of Dry Seal Impressions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2286; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this guide, refer
to Terminology E1658, Terminology E1732, and Terminology
forensic document examiners (Guide E444) for examinations
E2195.
and comparisons involving dry seal devices and their impres-
sions.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 dry seal, n—a non-inked mechanical device which
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examina-
embosses a design on paper.
tion(s) and comparison(s) is of questioned and known items or
of exclusively questioned items.
3.2.2 embossment variation, n—non-uniformity of the dry
seal impression on the paper stock. It can be caused by the
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency
manner of application or by defects in the dry seal.
of the material available for examination.
3.2.3 impression, n—an image formed by pressure.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will
depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the material avail-
4. Significance and Use
able for examination.
4.1 The procedures outlined here are grounded in the
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of particularly
generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the
unusual or uncommon examinations.
field of forensic document examination. By following these
procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
an opinion concerning whether two or more dry seal impres-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sions have a common origin, or if a dry seal impression was
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
created by a specific dry seal device.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
5. Interferences
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Items submitted for examination may have inherent
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limitations that can interfere with the procedures in this guide.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Limitations should be noted and recorded.
E444 Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic Document
Examiners
5.2 Limitations can be due to submission of non-original
E1658 Terminology for Expressing Conclusions of Forensic
documents, limited quantity or comparability, or condition of
Document Examiners
the items submitted for examination (for example, distorted
E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
impressions, partially imprinted impressions, or variations in
E2195 Terminology Relating to the Examination of Ques-
surface texture). Such features are taken into account in this
tioned Documents
guide.
5.3 The results of prior storage, handling, testing, or chemi-
calprocessing(forexample,forlatentprints)caninterferewith
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
the examination of certain characteristics. The effects can
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.90 on Executive.
include, but are not limited to, flattening of the embossment or
Current edition approved July 15, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
impression, partial destruction of the paper, and stains. When-
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2286 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/E2286-08A.
ever possible, document examinations should be conducted
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
prior to any chemical processing. Items should be handled
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
appropriately to avoid compromising subsequent examina-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tions.
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E2286 − 08a
5.4 Consideration should be given to the possibility that a procedure and report accordingly. Factors that affect the
dry seal device can be manufactured which duplicates the suitability include clarity, detail, or condition of the document.
impressions of another dry seal.
7.9 If the original is not submitted, evaluate the quality of
the best available reproduction to determine whether signifi-
6. Equipment and Requirements
cant details have been reproduced with sufficient clarity for
...
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