ASTM E3175-22
(Practice)Standard Practice for Training in the Forensic Examination of Hair by Microscopy
Standard Practice for Training in the Forensic Examination of Hair by Microscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A training program provides the theoretical foundation and practical skills necessary for a trainee to become a qualified forensic hair examiner.
4.2 A trainee is directly supervised by a qualified examiner throughout their training. At the end of the training program, a successful trainee is capable of forming opinions, presenting and explaining evidence, and understanding the limitations of analytical results and interpretations based upon sound scientific knowledge, validated procedures, and practical experience.
4.3 A trainee is required to meet the minimum training criteria in Practice E2917 and this practice. It is the laboratory management’s responsibility to ensure the selected trainee has the appropriate educational background. It is recommended that, at a minimum, the trainee possess a bachelor’s degree in a natural science.
4.4 This document outlines lessons, practical exercises, and criteria to monitor and evaluate trainee progress and is designed to be incorporated into an overall laboratory training program.
4.5 Additional training beyond that which is listed here should be made available to the trainee. Such training might include off-site courses, internships, and specialized training by experienced examiners. Continuing education and training will provide a forensic examiner the opportunity to remain current in the field.
4.6 Additional analyses can be performed on hairs that have been chemically altered (for example, dyed hair) or have trace materials on the surface (for example, glitter). Such techniques are beyond the scope of this document.
4.7 This practice addresses the benefit of following microscopical examinations with DNA analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers training guidelines for use by forensic laboratory personnel responsible for training forensic examiners that will perform hair examinations, including microscopical comparisons of human hair.
1.2 Forensic hair examiners are trained in accordance with Practice E2917 and the discipline-specific guidelines (Guide E3316) and criteria within this practice.
1.3 This practice contains guidelines that include the tasks, goals, and objectives that allow the trainee to acquire the requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities to independently perform casework in the microscopical examination of hair.
1.4 This practice addresses the correlation between the analytical results of microscopical examinations and the potential for DNA analysis.
1.5 This practice addresses training for the microscopical examination of hairs and not the examination of chemical alterations (for example, hair dye) or trace materials on the surface of hairs (for example, hair care products).
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3175 − 22 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
1
Training in the Forensic Examination of Hair by Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related
Documentation
1.1 This practice covers training guidelines for use by
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
forensic laboratory personnel responsible for training forensic
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
examiners that will perform hair examinations, including
E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
microscopical comparisons of human hair.
E2917 Practice for Forensic Science Practitioner Training,
1.2 Forensic hair examiners are trained in accordance with
Continuing Education, and Professional Development
Practice E2917 and the discipline-specific guidelines (Guide
Programs
E3316) and criteria within this practice.
E3316 Guide for Forensic Examination of Hair by Micros-
copy
1.3 This practice contains guidelines that include the tasks,
goals, and objectives that allow the trainee to acquire the
3. Terminology
requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities to independently
perform casework in the microscopical examination of hair. 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
practice, refer to Terminology E1732.
1.4 This practice addresses the correlation between the
analytical results of microscopical examinations and the po- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 anagen,n—theactivegrowthphaseofahairfolliclein
tential for DNA analysis.
the hair growth cycle.
1.5 This practice addresses training for the microscopical
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The root from a pulled anagen hair is
examination of hairs and not the examination of chemical
elongated and is usually fully pigmented.
alterations (for example, hair dye) or trace materials on the
3.2.2 ancestral group, n—a biogeographic designation of
surface of hairs (for example, hair care products).
human populations (for example, Asian, African, European)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
whose hair can share similar morphological and microscopic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
traits.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The racial terms Caucasoid,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Mongoloid, and Negroid should not be used as these terms are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nolongeracceptableinthefieldofanthropology(thefieldfrom
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
which these designations originated).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.3 association, inclusion, n—the result of a comparison
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
between two hair samples in which the characteristics of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
questioned hair are present in the known hair sample without
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
any exclusionary differences and, therefore, the donor of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
known sample can be included as a possible source of the
2. Referenced Documents
questioned hair.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2.3.1 Discussion—A microscopical association of hair
E620 Practice for Reporting Opinions of Scientific or Tech- cannot identify the definitive source of a questioned hair to the
nical Experts exclusion of all others and the number of individuals who
could be included as a possible donor of a specific hair is
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic unknown and cannot be reliably estimated.
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
3.2.4 buckling, n—an abrupt change in the shape and
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published January 2023. DOI: 10.1520/
orientation of a hair shaft with or without a slight twist.
E3175-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.5 catagen, n—the transitional phase of the hair follicle
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
betweentheactivegrowthphase(anagen)andtherestingphase
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM web
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E3175 − 22 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
1
Training in the Forensic Examination of Hair by Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related
Documentation
1.1 This practice covers training guidelines for use by
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
forensic laboratory personnel responsible for training forensic
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
examiners that will perform hair examinations, including
E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
microscopical comparisons of human hair.
E2917 Practice for Forensic Science Practitioner Training,
1.2 Forensic hair examiners are trained in accordance with
Continuing Education, and Professional Development
Practice E2917 and the discipline-specific guidelines (Guide
Programs
E3316) and criteria within this practice.
E3316 Guide for Forensic Examination of Hair by Micros-
1.3 This practice contains guidelines that include the tasks, copy
goals, and objectives that allow the trainee to acquire the
3. Terminology
requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities to independently
perform casework in the microscopical examination of hair. 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
practice, refer to Terminology E1732.
1.4 This practice addresses the correlation between the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
analytical results of microscopical examinations and the po-
tential for DNA analysis. 3.2.1 anagen, n—the active growth phase of a hair follicle in
the hair growth cycle.
1.5 This practice addresses training for the microscopical
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The root from a pulled anagen hair is
examination of hairs and not the examination of chemical
elongated and is usually fully pigmented.
alterations (for example, hair dye) or trace materials on the
3.2.2 ancestral group, n—a biogeographic designation of
surface of hairs (for example, hair care products).
human populations (for example, Asian, African, European)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
whose hair can share similar morphological and microscopic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
traits.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The racial terms Caucasoid,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Mongoloid, and Negroid should not be used as these terms are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
no longer acceptable in the field of anthropology (the field from
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
which these designations originated).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.3 association, inclusion, n—the result of a comparison
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
between two hair samples in which the characteristics of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
questioned hair are present in the known hair sample without
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
any exclusionary differences and, therefore, the donor of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
known sample can be included as a possible source of the
2. Referenced Documents
questioned hair.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2.3.1 Discussion—A microscopical association of hair
E620 Practice for Reporting Opinions of Scientific or Tech- cannot identify the definitive source of a questioned hair to the
nical Experts exclusion of all others and the number of individuals who
could be included as a possible donor of a specific hair is
1
unknown and cannot be reliably estimated.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
3.2.4 buckling, n—an abrupt change in the shape and
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published January 2023. DOI: 10.1520/
orientation of a hair shaft with or without a slight twist.
E3175-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.5 catagen, n—the transitional phase of the hair follicle
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
between the active growth phase (anagen) and the resting phase
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. (telogen) in the hair growth cycle.
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...
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