ASTM A965/A965M-14(2019)

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forgings for pressure and high temperature parts such as boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment. The grades covered here are F304, F304H, F304L, F304N, F304LN, F309H, F310, F310H, F316, F316H, F316L, F316N, F316LN, F321, F321H, F347, F347H, F348, F348H, FXM-19, FXM-11, and F46. Materials shall be produced by melting, forging, and rough machining, and shall be furnished by heat treatment in solution treated condition (solution annealing and quenching in water, oil, or a polymer water solution). Stainless steel specimens shall undergo heat and product analyses to evaluate the conformance of individual grades to specified elemental chemical compositions. Forgings shall also be examined for the adherence of each grade to required grain sizes and mechanical properties, which include tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, high temperature parts, and associated equipment.  
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required. In addition, supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when appropriate.  
1.3 This specification includes the austenitic steel forgings that were a part of Specification A336/A336M.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2019
• ICS: 77.140.20 - Stainless steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A965/A965M-14 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A745/A745M-20 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A182/A182M-23 - Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A336/A336M-21 - Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A788/A788M-23 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A965/A965M −14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High
Temperature Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA965/A965M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forg- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ings for boilers, pressure vessels, high temperature parts, and A336/A336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for
associated equipment. Pressure and High-Temperature Parts
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when
of Steel Products
additional testing, inspection, or processing is required. In
A745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Aus-
addition, supplementary requirements from Specification
tenitic Steel Forgings
A788/A788M may be specified when appropriate.
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
1.3 This specification includes the austenitic steel forgings
quirements
that were a part of Specification A336/A336M.
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel
Products—Metric
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
2.2 Other Standards:
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, including Section
VIII Pressure Vessels and Section IX
used independently of the other, and values from the two
systems shall not be combined.
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
Specification A788/A788M, the intended use should be stated
pound units.
if 5.1 is to be applicable.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
tional supplementary requirements.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A965/A965M–14. International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
DOI: 10.1520/A0965_A0965M–14R19. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A965/A965M−14 (2019)
3.4 If the forgings are intended for use under the ASME 5.2 When rough machining is performed, it may be done
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code at temperatures exceeding either before or after heat treatment.
1000 °F [540 °C], then use Supplementary Requirement S7.
6. Heat Treatment
Grain size requirements for service exceeding 1000 °F
[540 °C] should be specified unless the required grade has the 6.1 Forgings shall be furnished in the solution treated
condition. On completion of forging operations, the forgings
suffix “H.”
shall be solution annealed and quenched in water, oil, or a
4. Melting and Forging
polymer water solution. Direct quenching after completion of
forging without subsequent reheating to the temperatures
4.1 In addition to the melting and forging requirements of
prescribed in 6.2 – 6.5 is not permissible.
Specification A788/A788M, which may include Supplemen-
tary Requirement S8, the following condition applies:
6.2 For Grades F304H, F309H, F310H, F316H, F321H,
4.1.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom
F347H, and F 348H, the minimum solution annealing tempera-
from injurious pipe and undue segregation.
ture shall be 1925 °F [1050 °C].
6.3 GradesFXM-11andFXM-19shallbesolutionannealed
5. Machining
at 1950 °F [1065 °C].
5.1 Forged pressure vessels for steam power service shall
6.4 Grade F46 shall be solution annealed in the temperature
have the inner surface machined or ground. Unfired pressure
range of 2010 to 2140 °F [1100 to 1170 °C].
vessels shall have the inner surfaces sufficiently free of scale to
permit inspection. 6.5 The remaining grades in Table 1 shall be solution
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Element
Columbium
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum + Nitrogen Other
Tantalum
Grade UNS
Designation
F304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-11.0 18.0-20.0 . . . .
F304H S30409 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-11.0 18.0-20.0 . . . .
F304L S30403 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-12.0 18.0-20.0 . . . .
F304N S30451 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-11.0 18.0-20.0 . . 0.10-0.16 .
F304LN S30453 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-11.0 18.0-20.0 . . 0.10-0.16 .
F309H S30909 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 12.0-15.0 22.0-24.0 . . . .
F310 S31000 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0-22.0 24.0-26.00 . . . .
F310H S31009 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0-22.0 24.0-26.00 . . . .
F316 S31600 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . . .
F316H S31609 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . . .
F316L S31603 0.035 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.0-15.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . . .
F316N S31651 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10.0-13.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . 0.10-0.16 .
F316LN S31653 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10.0-13.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . 0.10-0.16 .
F70 S31730 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.010 1.00 15.0-16.5 17.0-19.0 3.0-4.0 . 0.045 Cu 4.0-5.0
F321 S32100 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . . 0.10 Ti
5×(C+N)-
0.70
F321H S32109 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . . . Ti
4×(C+N)-
0.70
F347 S34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . . . Cb
10×C-
B
1.10
F347H S34709 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . 8×C-1.10 . .
F347LN S34751 0.005-0.020 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-13.0 17.0-19.0 . . 0.06-0.10 Cb
0.20-0.50
15×C min
F348 S34800 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . 10×C-1.10 . Co 0.020,
Ta 0.10
F348H S34809 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . 8×C-1.10 . Co 0.020,
Ta 0.10
FXM-19 S20910 0.06 4.0-6.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 11.5-13.5 20.5-23.5 1.50-3.00 0.10-0.30 0.20-0.40 V 0.10-0.30
FXM-11 S21904 0.04 8.0-10.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 5.5-7.5 19.0-21.5 . . 0.15-0.40 .
F46 S30600 0.018 2.00 0.020 0.020 3.7-4.3 14.0-15.5 17.0-18.5 0.20 . . Cu 0.50
A
Max. unless min or a range is indicated. Where ellipses (.) appear in this table, there is no requirement and the element need not be analyzed for or reported.
B
Alternatively, tantalum may be substituted for part of the columbium as approved by the purchaser.
A965/A965M−14 (2019)
annealed at a minimum temperature of 1900 °F [1040 °C]. sents. The separately forged test bar shall be from the same
heat as the forgings it represents and shall accompany the
7. Chemical Composition
forgings during heat treatment.
7.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam- 8.2.2 When heat treatment is performed in continuous type
furnaces equipped with recording pyrometers, such that com-
pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall
comply with Table 1. plete heating records are available, a solution annealing charge
may be considered as any continuous run not exceeding an 8 h
7.2 ProductAnalysis—The manufacturer shall use the prod-
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A965/A965M − 14 A965/A965M − 14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High
Temperature Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A965/A965M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, high temperature parts, and
associated equipment.
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required. In addition,
supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when appropriate.
1.3 This specification includes the austenitic steel forgings that were a part of Specification A336/A336M.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound
units.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A336/A336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products—Metric
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
2.2 Other Standards:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, including Section VIII Pressure Vessels and Section IX
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the intended use should be stated if 5.1 is
to be applicable.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014March 1, 2019. Published May 2014April 2019. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
A965/A965M – 13.A965/A965M–14. DOI: 10.1520/A0965_A0965M-14. 10.1520/A0965_A0965M–14R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A965/A965M − 14 (2019)
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlines
additional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,
product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
3.4 If the forgings are intended for use under the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code at temperatures exceeding 1000°F
[540°C],1000 °F [540 °C], then use Supplementary Requirement S7. Grain size requirements for service exceeding 1000°F
[540°C]1000 °F [540 °C] should be specified unless the required grade has the suffix “H.”
4. Melting and Forging
4.1 In addition to the melting and forging requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which may include Supplementary
Requirement S8, the following condition applies:
4.1.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious pipe and undue segregation.
5. Machining
5.1 Forged pressure vessels for steam power service shall have the inner surface machined or ground. Unfired pressure vessels
shall have the inner surfaces sufficiently free of scale to permit inspection.
5.2 When rough machining is performed, it may be done either before or after heat treatment.
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 Forgings shall be furnished in the solution treated condition. On completion of forging operations, the forgings shall be
solution annealed and quenched in water, oil, or a polymer water solution. Direct quenching after completion of forging without
subsequent reheating to the temperatures prescribed in 6.2 – 6.5 is not permissible.
6.2 For Grades F304H, F309H, F310H, F316H, F321H, F347H, and F 348H, the minimum solution annealing temperature shall
be 1925°F [1050°C].1925 °F [1050 °C].
6.3 Grades FXM-11 and FXM-19 shall be solution annealed at 1950°F [1065°C].1950 °F [1065 °C].
6.4 Grade F46 shall be solution annealed in the temperature range of 2010 to 2140°F2140 °F [1100 to 1170°C].1170 °C].
6.5 The remaining grades in Table 1 shall be solution annealed at a minimum temperature of 1900°F [1040°C].1900 °F
[1040 °C].
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sampling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall comply with
Table 1.
7.2 Product Analysis—The manufacturer shall use the product analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a
product analysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat. The product analysis tolerances for carbon shall not apply,
and the carbon requirements shall conform to Table 1.
7.3 Types (common names) and UNS designations follow:
Grade Type UNS Designation
F304 304 S30400
F304H 304H S30409
F304L 304L S30403
F304N 304N S30451
F304LN 304LN S30453
F309H 309H S30909
F310 310 S31000
F310H 310H S31009
F316 316 S31600
F316H 316H S31609
F316L 316L S31603
F316N 316N S31651
F316LN 316LN S31653
F70 . S31730
F321 321 S32100
F321H 321H S32109
F347 347 S34700
F347H 347H S34709
F347LN 347LN S34751
F348 348 S34800
A965/A965M − 14 (2019)
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Element
Columbium
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum + Nitrogen Other
Tantalum
Grade UNS
Designation
F304 S30400 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-11.0 18.0-20.0 . . . .
F304H S30409 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-11.0 18.0-20.0 . . . .
F304L S30403 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-12.0 18.0-20.0 . . . .
F304N S30451 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-11.0 18.0-20.0 . . 0.10-0.16 .
F304LN S30453 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8.0-11.0 18.0-20.0 . . 0.10-0.16 .
F309H S30909 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 12.0-15.0 22.0-24.0 . . . .
F310 S31000 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0-22.0 24.0-26.00 . . . .
F310H S31009 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 19.0-22.0 24.0-26.00 . . . .
F316 S31600 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . . .
F316H S31609 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10.0-14.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . . .
F316L S31603 0.035 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.0-15.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . . .
F316N S31651 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10.0-13.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . 0.10-0.16 .
F316LN S31653 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10.0-13.0 16.0-18.0 2.00-3.00 . 0.10-0.16 .
F70 S31730 0.030 2.00 0.040 0.010 1.00 15.0-16.5 17.0-19.0 3.0-4.0 . 0.045 Cu 4.0-5.0
F321 S32100 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . . 0.10 Ti
5×(C+N)-
0.70
F321H S32109 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . . . Ti
4×(C+N)-
0.70
F347 S34700 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . . . Cb
10×C-
B
1.10
F347H S34709 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . 8×C-1.10 . .
F347LN S34751 0.005-0.020 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-13.0 17.0-19.0 . . 0.06-0.10 Cb
0.20-0.50
15×C min
F348 S34800 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . 10×C-1.10 . Co 0.020,
Ta 0.10
F348H S34809 0.04-0.10 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 9.0-12.0 17.0-19.0 . 8×C-1.10 . Co 0.020,
Ta 0.10
FXM-19 S20910 0.06 4.0-6.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 11
...