ASTM D5278/D5278M-09(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)
Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of narrow elastic fabrics because the test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If bias is found, either the cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
5.2 This test method specifies the use of a static load apparatus. Users of this test method are cautioned that elongation test data obtained using this test method are not comparable to elongation test data obtained using either constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) or constant-rate-of-loading (CRL) type tensile testing machines.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the elongation characteristics of narrow elastic fabrics made from natural or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with other textile fibers, when tested with a static load testing procedure before or after laundering.
Note 1: For determination of similar characteristics using the constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D4964.
Note 2: For determination of similar characteristics using the constant-rate-of load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D1775.
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or mutual agreement upon, the effective static load at which the test results will be determined.
1.3 Laundering procedures used will be those specified in Test Method AATCC 135 for 3 washing and drying cycles.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 14-Jul-2017
- Technical Committee
- D13 - Textiles
- Drafting Committee
- D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Relations
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2016
- Effective Date
- 15-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2012
Overview
ASTM D5278/D5278M-09(2017): Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing) is an internationally recognized standard developed by ASTM International. This test method outlines procedures for measuring the elongation characteristics of narrow elastic fabrics-constructed from natural or man-made elastomers, or blends with other textile fibers-using a static-load testing apparatus. The method is applicable both before and after laundering and is widely used for acceptance testing in trade due to its reliability and established usage.
Key Topics
Purpose: The standard focuses on evaluating how narrow elastic fabrics elongate when subjected to a static load, which is critical for understanding performance criteria such as stretch and recovery in products like waistbands, straps, and bands used in apparel and other textiles.
Scope and Applicability:
- Applies to fabrics made from either natural or synthetic elastic fibers, alone or with other textiles.
- Specifies testing procedures that are applicable before or after laundering, with laundering cycles defined by AATCC Test Method 135.
- Provides guidance for selecting or mutually agreeing upon the static load to be used.
- Ensures that test results reflect only the chosen test method, as results from constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) or constant-rate-of-loading (CRL) tensile tests are not directly comparable.
Sampling and Specimen Preparation:
- Recommends random sampling from lots for representative acceptance testing of commercial shipments.
- Offers detailed guidelines for preparing specimens, including size based on stretch characteristics and proper marking techniques to ensure consistency.
Test Procedure Highlights:
- Involves conditioning samples to standard atmospheric conditions prior to testing.
- Uses specific apparatus-static load fixture with calibrated clamps.
- Each test cycle consists of applying, releasing, and reapplying the defined static load, with elongation measured after each cycle.
Reporting and Results:
- Results are reported as average percent elongation to the nearest 0.1% for each sample.
- Reports must include details on whether the samples were laundered, types of loads used, and dimensions of the test pieces.
Applications
- Quality Control in Textile Manufacturing: Widely utilized for acceptance testing of narrow elastic fabrics in bulk shipments, ensuring uniform stretch and recovery characteristics as per contractual requirements.
- Product Development: Valuable in R&D for validating design assumptions and material performance under static loads, both before and after fabric wash cycles.
- Commercial and Trade Compliance: Helps manufacturers and suppliers establish a common, standardized method for verifying fabric properties, thereby reducing disputes and facilitating global trade.
- Comparison Testing and Dispute Resolution: The test method includes guidance on statistically resolving differences between laboratories through comparative testing and bias analysis.
Related Standards
- ASTM D4964: Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine). Relevant for similar testing using CRE machines.
- ASTM D1775: (Withdrawn) Previously addressed CRL-type tensile testing for wide elastic fabrics.
- AATCC 135: Specifies laundering procedures for assessing fabric performance after washing and drying cycles.
- ASTM D4848, D4850, D123: Provide terminology and definitions relevant to textile testing and fabric evaluation.
Summary
ASTM D5278/D5278M-09(2017) offers a robust, universally accepted approach to measuring the static-load elongation of narrow elastic fabrics. By standardizing specimen preparation, conditioning, and testing procedures, the standard supports quality assurance, dispute resolution, and regulatory compliance within the textile industry. Stakeholders involved in fabric manufacturing, apparel design, and commercial procurement rely on this ASTM test method to ensure product consistency and performance in end-use applications.
Keywords: ASTM D5278, elongation test, narrow elastic fabric, static load testing, fabric quality control, textile standards, acceptance testing, fabric performance, laundering test.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D5278/D5278M-09(2017) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of narrow elastic fabrics because the test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing. 5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If bias is found, either the cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias. 5.2 This test method specifies the use of a static load apparatus. Users of this test method are cautioned that elongation test data obtained using this test method are not comparable to elongation test data obtained using either constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) or constant-rate-of-loading (CRL) type tensile testing machines. SCOPE 1.1 This test method determines the elongation characteristics of narrow elastic fabrics made from natural or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with other textile fibers, when tested with a static load testing procedure before or after laundering. Note 1: For determination of similar characteristics using the constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D4964. Note 2: For determination of similar characteristics using the constant-rate-of load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D1775. 1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or mutual agreement upon, the effective static load at which the test results will be determined. 1.3 Laundering procedures used will be those specified in Test Method AATCC 135 for 3 washing and drying cycles. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of narrow elastic fabrics because the test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing. 5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If bias is found, either the cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias. 5.2 This test method specifies the use of a static load apparatus. Users of this test method are cautioned that elongation test data obtained using this test method are not comparable to elongation test data obtained using either constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) or constant-rate-of-loading (CRL) type tensile testing machines. SCOPE 1.1 This test method determines the elongation characteristics of narrow elastic fabrics made from natural or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with other textile fibers, when tested with a static load testing procedure before or after laundering. Note 1: For determination of similar characteristics using the constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D4964. Note 2: For determination of similar characteristics using the constant-rate-of load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D1775. 1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or mutual agreement upon, the effective static load at which the test results will be determined. 1.3 Laundering procedures used will be those specified in Test Method AATCC 135 for 3 washing and drying cycles. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5278/D5278M-09(2017) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D5278/D5278M-09(2017) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D5278/D5278M-09(2013), ASTM D4964-96(2020), ASTM D4848-98(2018), ASTM D4850-13(2017), ASTM D123-17, ASTM D4964-96(2016), ASTM D123-15b, ASTM D123-15a, ASTM D123-15, ASTM D4850-13, ASTM D4850-13e1, ASTM D123-13ae1, ASTM D123-13a, ASTM D123-13, ASTM D4964-96(2012)e1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D5278/D5278M-09(2017) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5278/D5278M − 09 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5278/D5278M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method determines the elongation characteris-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
tics of narrow elastic fabrics made from natural or man-made
D1775 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Wide
elastomers, either alone or in combination with other textile
Elastic Fabrics (Withdrawn 2000)
fibers, when tested with a static load testing procedure before
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
or after laundering.
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
NOTE 1—For determination of similar characteristics using the
Related Properties of Textiles
constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine, refer to
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
Test Method D4964.
Methods
NOTE 2—For determination of similar characteristics using the
D4964 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic
constant-rate-of load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test
Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing
Method D1775.
Machine)
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or
2.2 AATCC Test Method:
mutual agreement upon, the effective static load at which the
35 Dimensional Changes inAutomatic Home Laundering of
test results will be determined.
Woven and Knit Fabrics
1.3 Laundering procedures used will be those specified in
Test Method AATCC 135 for 3 washing and drying cycles. 3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.1 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Related Properties in Textiles see Terminology D4848.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
elongation, narrow elastic fabric, static load, in textile testing.
with the standard.
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, see Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D123.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 Conditioned test specimens, laundered or unlaundered,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are suspended and subjected to a specified loading. The static
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
load is applied for a specified time, released, and the cycle
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
repeated two more times. The percent elongation is read
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
directly from the scale on the apparatus.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles the ASTM website.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
General. www.astm.org.
Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5278–09(2013). (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
DOI: 10.1520/D5278_D5278M-09R17. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5278/D5278M − 09 (2017)
5. Significance and Use 8.1.2 Prepare test specimens considered to be high stretch
(200 % and above) as follows:
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
8.1.2.1 Cut the test specimens approximately 230 [9 in.]
tancetestingofcommercialshipmentsofnarrowelasticfabrics
long with this dimension parallel to the length of the fabric.
because the test method is used in the trade for acceptance
Unless the fabric width exceeds 75 mm [3 in.], use the full
testing.
fabric width as the test specimen width.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
8.1.2.2 With the bench marker, make two marks on the test
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
specimen that are 125.0 mm [5.0 in.] apart, approximately the
testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct
samedistancefromthetestspecimenendsandperpendicularto
comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
the long direction of the test specimen.
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is
recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the 8.1.3 Prepare test specimens considered to be low stretch
(below 2
...
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