ASTM E2867-14
(Practice)Standard Practice for Estimating Uncertainty of Test Results Derived from Spectrophotometry
Standard Practice for Estimating Uncertainty of Test Results Derived from Spectrophotometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many competent measurement laboratories comply with accepted quality system requirements such as ISO 9001, QS 9000, or ISO 17025. When using standard test methods, the measurement results should agree with those from other similar laboratories within the combined uncertainty limits of the laboratories’ measurement systems. It is for this reason that quality system requirements demand that a statement of the uncertainty of the test results accompany every test result.
5.2 Preparation of uncertainty estimates is a requirement for laboratory certification under ISO 17025. This practice describes the procedures by which such uncertainty estimates may be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a protocol to be utilized by measurement laboratories for estimating and reporting the uncertainty of a measurement result when the result is derived from a measurand that has been obtained by spectrophotometry.
1.2 This practice is specifically limited to the reporting of uncertainty of color measurement results that are reported as color-differences in ΔE format, even though the measurement itself may be reported in other units such as percent reflectance or transmittance.
1.3 The procedures defined here are not intended to be applicable to national standardizing laboratories or transfer laboratories.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2867 − 14
Standard Practice for
Estimating Uncertainty of Test Results Derived from
1
Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence
of Calibration and Testing Laboratories
1.1 This practice describes a protocol to be utilized by
4
2.3 Other Standard:
measurement laboratories for estimating and reporting the
QS 9000 Quality Systems Requirements Chrysler
uncertainty of a measurement result when the result is derived
Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Cor-
from a measurand that has been obtained by spectrophotom-
poration
etry.
1.2 This practice is specifically limited to the reporting of
3. Terminology
uncertainty of color measurement results that are reported as
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this stan-
color-differences in ∆E format, even though the measurement
dard refer to Terminology E284.
itself may be reported in other units such as percent reflectance
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
or transmittance.
3.2.1 uncertainty, n—a parameter associated with a mea-
1.3 The procedures defined here are not intended to be
surement result or test result that reasonably characterizes the
applicable to national standardizing laboratories or transfer
dispersionofresultsattributabletotheparticularquantitybeing
laboratories.
measured of the particular characteristic being tested.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 instrument uncertainty conditions, n—of a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measurement, conditions wherein the measurements are made
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
repetitively and carefully over a short timescale, without
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
replacement of the specimen being measured in the specimen
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
port of the instrument.
NOTE 1—Instrument uncertainty conditions always include potential
2. Referenced Documents
specimen drift due to causes such as theromchromism, photochromism, or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: bleaching of the specimen. While these may be thought of as character-
isticsofthespecimen,theireffectswillbepickeduphereunderinstrument
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
uncertainty conditions.
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
3.2.3 operator uncertainty conditions, n—of a
Coordinates
measurement, conditions wherein the measurements are made
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
repetitively and carefully over a short timescale, with replace-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
ment of the specimen being measured by the operator com-
E284 Terminology of Appearance
3
pletely withdrawing the specimen from the specimen port and
2.2 ISO Standards:
replacing the specimen back in the specimen port prior to the
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems—Requirements
ensuing measurement so that the specimen aperture samples
the same location on the specimen, and the specimen has the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
same orientation as previous, to the best of the operator’s
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
ability to accomplish.
Appearance Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally 3.2.4 uniformity uncertainty conditions, n—of a
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2867 – 13. DOI:
measurement, conditions wherein the measurements are made
10.1520/E2867-14.
repetitively and carefully over a short timescale, with replace-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ment of the specimen being measured to an entirely new
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available fromAutomotive IndustryAction Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2867 − 14
locationonthefaceofthespecimenwiththeintentofsampling quality system requirements dema
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2867 − 13 E2867 − 14
Standard Practice for
Estimating Uncertainty of Test Results Derived from
1
Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes a protocol to be utilized by measurement laboratories for estimating and reporting the uncertainty
of a measurement result when the result is derived from a measurand that has been obtained by spectrophotometry.
1.2 This practice is specifically limited to the reporting of uncertainty of color measurement results that are reported as
color-differences in ΔE format, even though the measurement itself may be reported in other units such as percent reflectance or
transmittance.
1.3 The procedures defined here are not intended to be applicable to national standardizing laboratories or transfer laboratories.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E284 Terminology of Appearance
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems—Requirements
ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Calibration and Testing Laboratories
4
2.3 Other Standard:
QS 9000 Quality Systems Requirements Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this standard refer to Terminology E284.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 uncertainty, n—a parameter associated with a measurement result or test result that reasonably characterizes the dispersion
of results attributable to the particular quantity being measured of the particular characteristic being tested.
3.2.2 instrument uncertainty conditions, n—of a measurement, conditions wherein the measurements are made repetitively and
carefully over a short timescale, without replacement of the specimen being measured in the specimen port of the instrument.
NOTE 1—Instrument uncertainty conditions always include potential specimen drift due to causes such as theromchromism, photochromism, or
bleaching of the specimen. While these may be thought of as characteristics of the specimen, their effects will be picked up here under instrument
uncertainty conditions.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
Appearance Analysis.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013May 1, 2014. Published February 2013May 2014. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2867
– 13. DOI: 10.1520/E2867-13.10.1520/E2867-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2867 − 14
3.2.3 operator uncertainty conditions, n—of a measurement, conditions wherein the measurements are made repetitively and
carefully over a short timescale, with replacement of the specimen being measured by the operator completely withdrawing the
specimen from the specimen port and replacing the specimen back in the specimen port prior to the ensuing measurement so that
the specimen aperture samples the same location on the specimen, and the specimen
...
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