ASTM B330-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Estimating Average Particle Size of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using Air Permeability
Standard Test Methods for Estimating Average Particle Size of Metal Powders and Related Compounds Using Air Permeability
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods provide procedures for determining the envelope-specific surface area of powders, from which is calculated an “average” particle diameter, assuming the particles are monosize, smooth surface, nonporous, spherical particles. For this reason, values obtained by these test methods will be reported as an average particle size or Fisher Number. The degree of correlation between the results of these test methods and the quality of powders in use will vary with each particular application and has not been fully determined.
4.2 These test methods are generally applicable to all metal powders and related compounds, including carbides, nitrides, and oxides, for particles having diameters between 0.2 and 75 μm (HEL SAS) or between 0.5 and 50 μm (FSSS). They should not be used for powders composed of particles whose shape is too far from equiaxed - that is, flakes or fibers. In these cases, it is permissible to use the test methods described only by agreement between the parties concerned. These test methods shall not be used for mixtures of different powders, nor for powders containing binders or lubricants. When the powder contains agglomerates, the measured surface area may be affected by the degree of agglomeration. Methods of de-agglomeration such as that specified in Practice B859 may be used if agreed upon between the parties concerned.
4.3 When an “average” particle size of powders is determined either the HEL SAS or the FSSS, it should be clearly kept in mind that this average size is derived from the determination of the specific surface area of the powder using a relationship that is true only for powders of uniform size and spherical shape. Thus, the results of these methods are only estimates of average particle size.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods use air permeability to determine an envelope-specific surface area and its associated average equivalent spherical diameter (from 0.2 to 75μm) of metal powders and related compounds. The powders may be analyzed in their “as-supplied” (shipped, received, or processed) condition or after they have been de-agglomerated or milled by a laboratory procedure (“lab milled”) such as that specified in Practice B859. The values obtained are not intended to be absolute but are generally useful on a relative basis for control purposes.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice; and the units for pressure, cm H2O - also long-standing practice; the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: B330 − 12
StandardTest Methods for
Estimating Average Particle Size of Metal Powders and
1
Related Compounds Using Air Permeability
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.1 These test methods use air permeability to determine an
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
envelope-specific surface area and its associated average
3
2.2 ISO/DIS Document:
equivalent spherical diameter (from 0.2 to 75µm) of metal
ISO/DIS 10070 Metallic Powders: Determinations of
powders and related compounds. The powders may be ana-
Envelope-Specific Surface Area from Measurements of
lyzed in their “as-supplied” (shipped, received, or processed)
the Permeability to Air of a Powder Bed Under Steady-
conditionoraftertheyhavebeende-agglomeratedormilledby
State Flow Conditions
a laboratory procedure (“lab milled”) such as that specified in
Practice B859. The values obtained are not intended to be
3. Terminology
absolute but are generally useful on a relative basis for control
3.1 Definitions— Many terms used in this test method are
purposes.
defined in Terminology B243.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the
3
3.2.1 HEL Sub-sieve AutoSizer (HEL SAS), n—a commer-
gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the
cially available permeability instrument for measuring enve-
longstanding industry practice; and the units for pressure, cm
lopespecific surface area and estimating average particle size
H O - also long-standing practice; the values in SI units are to
2
from 0.2 to 75µm.
be regarded as standard.
3.2.2 Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer (FSSS), n—a commercially
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
available permeability instrument for measuring envelope-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specific surface area and estimating average particle size
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(Fisher Number) from 0.5 to 50 µm.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 envelope-specific surface area, n— specific surface
area of a powder as determined by gas permeametry in
2. Referenced Documents
accordance with ISO/DIS 10070.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 air permeability, n—measurement of air pressure drop
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
across a packed bed of powder.
B859 Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal
3.2.5 de-agglomeration, n—process used to break up ag-
Powders and Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size
glomerates of particles.
Analysis
3.2.6 Fisher Number, n—calculated value equated to an
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
average particle diameter, assuming all the particles are spheri-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
cal and of uniform size.
3.2.7 Fisher calibrator tube, n—jewel with a precision
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on
orifice mounted in a tube similar to a sample tube. The
Metal Powders and Metal Powder Productsand are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B09.03 on Refractory Metal Powders. calibrator tube value is directly traceable to the master tube
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
maintained by ASTM International Subcommittee B09.03 on
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as B330 – 07. DOI:
Refractory Metal Powders.
10.1520/B0330-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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B330 − 12
3.2.8 porosity of a bed of powder, n—ratio of the volume of hardware and software for instrument control and calculation
the void space in the powder bed to the t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B330 − 07 B330 − 12
Standard Test MethodMethods for
Fisher Number Estimating Average Particle Size of Metal
1
Powders and Related Compounds Using Air Permeability
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 ThisThese test method usesmethods use air permeability to determine an envelope-specific surface area and its associated
average equivalent spherical diameter (from 0.50.2 to 50 μm) 75μm) of metal powders and related compounds. The powders may
be analyzed in their “as-supplied” (shipped, received, or processed) condition or after they have been de-agglomerated or milled
by a laboratory procedure (“lab milled”) such as that specified in Practice B859. The values obtained are not intended to be absolute
but are generally useful on a relative basis for control purposes.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
3
per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the longstanding industry practice; and the units for pressure, cm H O - also
2
long-standing practice; the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B859 Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal Powders and Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size Analysis
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3
2.2 ISO/DIS Document:
ISO/DIS 10070 Metallic Powders: Determinations of Envelope-Specific Surface Area from Measurements of the Permeability
to Air of a Powder Bed Under Steady-State Flow Conditions
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions— Many terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology B243.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 HEL Sub-sieve AutoSizer (HEL SAS), n—a commercially available permeability instrument for measuring envelopespe-
cific surface area and estimating average particle size from 0.2 to 75μm.
3.2.2 Fisher sub-sieve sizer, Sub-Sieve Sizer (FSSS), n—a commercially available permeability instrument for measuring
envelope-specific surface area.area and estimating average particle size (Fisher Number) from 0.5 to 50 μm.
3.2.3 envelope-specific surface area, n— specific surface area of a powder as determined by gas permeametry in accordance
with ISO/DIS 10070.
1
ThisThese test method ismethods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Productsand isare the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee B09.03 on Refractory Metal Powders.
Current edition approved March 15, 2007November 1, 2012. Published April 2007November 2012. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in
20052007 as B330 – 05.B330 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/B0330-07.10.1520/B0330-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B330 − 12
3.2.4 air permeability, n—measurement of air pressure drop across a packed bed of powder.
3.2.5 de-agglomeration, n—process used to break up agglomerates of particles.
3.2.6 Fisher Number, n—calculated value equated to an average particle diameter, assuming all the particles are spherical and
of unif
...
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