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ASTM D4171-03

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors

Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors

ABSTRACT
This specification covers additives for aviation fuels used to inhibit ice formation in aircraft fuel systems. Three types of fuel system icing inhibitors are provided as follows: type I - ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, type II - anhydrous isopropanol, and type III - diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The relative density, color, distillation range, non-volatile matter, and odor shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water properties, heptanes miscibility, acidity, water miscibility, and flash point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers additives for aviation fuels (see Specifications D 910 and D 1655) used to inhibit ice formation in aircraft fuel systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2003
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0.04 - Additives and Electrical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4171-98 - Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4171-03(2010) - Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM D910-21 - Standard Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6615-22 - Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7223-21 - Standard Specification for Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D5006-11(2021) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8194-18e1 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Suitability of 37 mm Filter Monitors and 47 mm Filters Used to Determine Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7618-13(2021) - Standard Specification for Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with Aviation Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7547-23 - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7719-21a - Standard Specification for High Aromatic Content Unleaded Hydrocarbon Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8147-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8434-21 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Organo-metallic Additive
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7960-21 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-hydrocarbon Components
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003

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ASTM D4171-03 - Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D4171 – 03
Standard Specification for
1
Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl
Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
1.1 This specification covers additives for aviation fuels
D1476 Test Method for Heptane Miscibility of Lacquer
(see Specifications D910 and D1655) used to inhibit ice
Solvents
formation in aircraft fuel systems.
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
standard.
and Related Products
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D1722 Test Method for Water Miscibility of Water-Soluble
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Solvents
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Cup Tester
2. Referenced Documents
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
2
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
Closed Cup Tester
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
D268 Guide for Sampling andTestingVolatile Solvents and
Glass Electrode
Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related
E203 Test Method forWater UsingVolumetric Karl Fischer
Coatings and Material
Titration
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
Liquid Industrial Chemicals
E450 Method for Measurement of Color of Low-Colored
D910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
Clear Liquids Using the Hunterlab Color Difference
D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
3
Meter
ganic Liquids
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Cou-
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
Cobalt Scale)
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
3. Classification
Diluents
3.1 Twotypesoffuelsystemicinginhibitorsareprovidedas
D1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile
follows:
Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
3.1.1 Type I—Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is used as
Products
an anti-icing additive in both aviation gasoline and aviation
turbine fuels.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
NOTE 1—Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) was previously
D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
included in this specification, last appearing in D4171–94. EGME is
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originally
considered technically satisfactory for this application, but has been
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4171–98. DOI:
generally replaced by DiEGME due to availability, reduced toxicological
10.1520/D4171-03.
concerns, and lack of widely available methodology to determine FSII
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4171 – 03
concentration in aviation fuels when a mixture is known to be present, or TABLE 2 Detailed Requirements for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
(Type III)
when the identity of the FSII present in the fuel is not clearly known.
Requirement
3.2 Type II—Anhydrous isopropanol, also described as
Property ASTM Test
DiEGME
99 % grade 2-Propanol or isopropyl alcohol, is used as an
Method
(Type III)
anti-icing additive in aviation gasoline. (Warning—
Acid number, max, mg 0.09 D1613
Isopropanol (2-Propanol) is both flammable and an irritant; use
KOH/g
with caution.)
Color, platinum-cobalt, 10 D1209 or E450
3.3 Type III—Diethylene glycol monomethyl et
...

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Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
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3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
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Test Procedure  
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Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
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Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
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Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
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Annex A9  
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
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Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
15–260 (60–500)  
B  
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Gas Oils  
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C  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mass %.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7.2 and 7.4.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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