ASTM C1242-23b
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone Attachment Systems
Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone Attachment Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to be used by architects, engineers, and contractors who either design or install exterior stone cladding for architectural structures.
4.2 This guide is an industry standard for engineering design considerations, documentation, material considerations, anchor type applications, and installation workmanship to assist designers and installers to achieve a proper and durable stone cladding.
4.3 Stone and its support systems are part of a building's skin and shall be compatible with the behavior and performance of other interfacing systems, such as the curtainwall and superstructure frame.
4.3.1 Every stone work application shall comply with applicable building codes.
4.3.2 It is not the intent of this guide to supersede published recommendations for specific stone types. Provisions of other dimension stone industry publications should be reviewed and considered in addition to this guide's recommendations. All industry information should be considered with respect to project specifications and requirements. If provisions of such publications differ from those in this guide, it is acceptable practice to follow the publication's provisions if recommended by the stone specialist defined in 4.4 for the specific conditions of the individual project.
4.3.3 Because stone properties vary, the range and variability of pertinent properties of the stone proposed for use should be determined by testing and statistical methods that are evaluated using sound engineering principles. Use recent test data where applicable. Always reference proven performance of relevant existing structures.
4.3.4 Changes in properties over time shall be considered.
4.3.5 Overall behaviors of all building systems and components including the stone shall be interactively compatible.
4.4 Stone Specialist—Some conditions require professional expertise to select and plan a proper anchoring system, establish appropriate testing requirements, interpret tests,...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the categories of anchors and anchoring systems and discusses the design principles to be considered in selecting anchors or systems that will resist gravity loads and applied loads.
1.2 This guide sets forth basic requirements for the design of stone anchorage and provides a practical checklist of those design considerations.
1.3 This guide pertains to:
1.3.1 The anchoring of stone panels directly to the building structure for support,
1.3.2 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components after these support systems are attached to the building structure,
1.3.3 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components with stone cladding preassembled before these support systems are attached to the building structure, and
1.3.4 The supervision and inspection of fabrication and installation of the above.
1.4 Observe all applicable regulations, specific recommendations of the manufacturers, and standards governing interfacing work.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
FIG. 1 Rod and Plug Anchor
FIG. 2 Adhesive Embedded Threaded Anchor
FIG. 3 Point Loading Prevention
FIG. 3 Point Loading Prevention (continued)
FIG. 4 Disc Anchor
FIG. 5 Combined Anchor
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Tables 1 and 2.)
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for th...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1242 − 23b
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone
1
Attachment Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Natural building stone is chosen as a building’s cladding for its beauty which endures with minimal
maintenance. Stone is durable when used properly. Exercising good judgment when selecting the
particular stone, determining the quarrying and fabrication techniques, designing the method of
attachment, and installing all components correctly maximizes these benefits. A properly executed
stone cladding is designed and installed within the capabilities and limitations of the stone and support
system to resist all forces that work on them.
This guide presents design principles that require consideration when designing anchorages and
evaluating exterior stone to be compatible with its proposed use. It is an overview of current
techniques and a review of minimum requirements for sound stone engineering and construction. The
guide does not list all possible methods of attachment nor does it provide a step-by-step procedure for
stone anchor engineering. Knowledge gained from new engineering designs, testing of applications,
and the investigation of existing problems are continually reviewed to update this guide. Comment
from users is encouraged.
Good judgment by architects, engineers, and contractors when specifying, designing, engineering,
and constructing stone and other work that interfaces stone is necessary to use this guide. Users of this
guide should combine known performance characteristics of the stone, the building’s structural
behavior, and knowledge of materials and construction methods with proven engineering practice.
1. Scope 1.3.3 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to
curtainwall components with stone cladding preassembled
1.1 This guide covers the categories of anchors and anchor-
before these support systems are attached to the building
ing systems and discusses the design principles to be consid-
structure, and
ered in selecting anchors or systems that will resist gravity
1.3.4 The supervision and inspection of fabrication and
loads and applied loads.
installation of the above.
1.2 This guide sets forth basic requirements for the design
1.4 Observe all applicable regulations, specific recommen-
of stone anchorage and provides a practical checklist of those
dations of the manufacturers, and standards governing inter-
design considerations.
facing work.
1.3 This guide pertains to:
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
1.3.1 The anchoring of stone panels directly to the building
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
structure for support,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
1.3.2 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to
and are not considered standard.
curtainwall components after these support systems are at-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tached to the building structure,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension
Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.06 on Attachment
(See Tables 1 and 2.)
Components and Systems.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as C1242 – 23a. DOI:
10.1520/C1242-23B. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1242 − 23b
FIG. 3 Point Loading Prevention
FIG. 1 Rod and Plug Anchor
FIG. 2 Adhesive Embedded Threaded Anchor
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
FIG. 3 Point Loading Prevention (continued)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C170/C170M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
2. Referen
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1242 − 23a C1242 − 23b
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone
1
Attachment Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Natural building stone is chosen as a building’s cladding for its beauty which endures with minimal
maintenance. Stone is durable when used properly. Exercising good judgment when selecting the
particular stone, determining the quarrying and fabrication techniques, designing the method of
attachment, and installing all components correctly maximizes these benefits. A properly executed
stone cladding is designed and installed within the capabilities and limitations of the stone and support
system to resist all forces that work on them.
This guide presents design principles that require consideration when designing anchorages and
evaluating exterior stone to be compatible with its proposed use. It is an overview of current
techniques and a review of minimum requirements for sound stone engineering and construction. The
guide does not list all possible methods of attachment nor does it provide a step-by-step procedure for
stone anchor engineering. Knowledge gained from new engineering designs, testing of applications,
and the investigation of existing problems are continually reviewed to update this guide. Comment
from users is encouraged.
Good judgment by architects, engineers, and contractors when specifying, designing, engineering,
and constructing stone and other work that interfaces stone is necessary to use this guide. Users of this
guide should combine known performance characteristics of the stone, the building’s structural
behavior, and knowledge of materials and construction methods with proven engineering practice.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the categories of anchors and anchoring systems and discusses the design principles to be considered in
selecting anchors or systems that will resist gravity loads and applied loads.
1.2 This guide sets forth basic requirements for the design of stone anchorage and provides a practical checklist of those design
considerations.
1.3 This guide pertains to:
1.3.1 The anchoring of stone panels directly to the building structure for support,
1.3.2 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components after these support systems are attached to the
building structure,
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.06 on Attachment Components
and Systems.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as
C1242 – 23.C1242 – 23a. DOI: 10.1520/C1242-23A.10.1520/C1242-23B.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1242 − 23b
1.3.3 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components with stone cladding preassembled before these
support systems are attached to the building structure, and
1.3.4 The supervision and inspection of fabrication and installation of the above.
1.4 Observe all applicable regulations, specific recommendations of the manufacturers, and standards governing interfacing work.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Tables 1 and 2.)
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C97/
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1242 − 23b
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone
1
Attachment Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Natural building stone is chosen as a building’s cladding for its beauty which endures with minimal
maintenance. Stone is durable when used properly. Exercising good judgment when selecting the
particular stone, determining the quarrying and fabrication techniques, designing the method of
attachment, and installing all components correctly maximizes these benefits. A properly executed
stone cladding is designed and installed within the capabilities and limitations of the stone and support
system to resist all forces that work on them.
This guide presents design principles that require consideration when designing anchorages and
evaluating exterior stone to be compatible with its proposed use. It is an overview of current
techniques and a review of minimum requirements for sound stone engineering and construction. The
guide does not list all possible methods of attachment nor does it provide a step-by-step procedure for
stone anchor engineering. Knowledge gained from new engineering designs, testing of applications,
and the investigation of existing problems are continually reviewed to update this guide. Comment
from users is encouraged.
Good judgment by architects, engineers, and contractors when specifying, designing, engineering,
and constructing stone and other work that interfaces stone is necessary to use this guide. Users of this
guide should combine known performance characteristics of the stone, the building’s structural
behavior, and knowledge of materials and construction methods with proven engineering practice.
1. Scope 1.3.3 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to
curtainwall components with stone cladding preassembled
1.1 This guide covers the categories of anchors and anchor-
before these support systems are attached to the building
ing systems and discusses the design principles to be consid-
structure, and
ered in selecting anchors or systems that will resist gravity
1.3.4 The supervision and inspection of fabrication and
loads and applied loads.
installation of the above.
1.2 This guide sets forth basic requirements for the design
1.4 Observe all applicable regulations, specific recommen-
of stone anchorage and provides a practical checklist of those
dations of the manufacturers, and standards governing inter-
design considerations.
facing work.
1.3 This guide pertains to:
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
1.3.1 The anchoring of stone panels directly to the building
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
structure for support,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
1.3.2 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to and are not considered standard.
curtainwall components after these support systems are at-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tached to the building structure,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension
Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.06 on Attachment
(See Tables 1 and 2.)
Components and Systems.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as C1242 – 23a. DOI:
10.1520/C1242-23B. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1242 − 23b
FIG. 3 Point Loading Prevention
FIG. 1 Rod and Plug Anchor
FIG. 2 Adhesive Embedded Threaded Anchor
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
FIG. 3 Point Loading Prevention (continued)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C170/C170M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
2. Referenced Documents
Dimension Stone
2
C406/C406M Specification for Roofing Slate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C482 Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to
C97/C
...
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