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ASTM C577-07e2

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories

Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the rate of flow of air or nitrogen through refractory brick and monoliths and to thus determine the permeability of tested products.  
This test method is useful in research and development for establishing the relative permeability of products within comparable classes. It may also be used to identify acceptable products for design purposes and to establish permeability criteria for specification acceptance.  
It must be recognized that permeability can vary in different directions and different parts of a refractory due to factors such as forming procedure, grain size and distribution, and heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeability of refractory brick and monoliths, from which suitable specimens can be cut, at room temperature.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—The apparatus used in this standard is only available in SI units (Section 4). Also, some of the calculations must use SI units only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2007
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.03 - Physical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C577-07e1 - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Replaced By
ASTM C577-07(2014) - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM C1793-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007

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ASTM C577-07e2 - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´2
Designation: C577 − 07
StandardTest Method for
1
Permeability of Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Units of measure statement was added editorially in March 2009.
2
´ NOTE—Figure 1 was corrected editorially in November 2009.
1. Scope 3.3 It must be recognized that permeability can vary in
different directions and different parts of a refractory due to
1.1 This test method covers determination of the permeabil-
factors such as forming procedure, grain size and distribution,
ity of refractory brick and monoliths, from which suitable
and heat treatment.
specimens can be cut, at room temperature.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
4. Apparatus
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
4.1 The apparatus shall provide a leakproof system for
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
testing2in.(51mm)cubesheldinapressurizedrubbergasket,
information only and are not considered standard.
with means for controlling gas pressure and measuring gas
1.2.1 Exceptions—The apparatus used in this standard is
3
flow. Figs. 1-3 illustrate a suitable apparatus. The apparatus
only available in SI units (Section 4). Also, some of the
consists of the following components:
calculations must use SI units only.
4.1.1 Permeating Medium, air or nitrogen with regulator-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
controlled inlet pressure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.2 Drier Tubes, each filled with a desiccant and strainer;
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used to remove any water or dirt from the gas before entering
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the flowmeters.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.3 Flowmeters—They will measure the flow of permeat-
3
ing media in the range from 0 to 9000 cm /min. The flowme-
2. Referenced Documents
ters may be calibrated to read the flow directly of either air or
2
nitrogen. The range for each flowmeter is shown in Fig. 1.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.4 Manometer—Amultiple scale digital manometer shall
C1095
be used to measure the differential pressure across the speci-
3. Significance and Use
men.
4.1.5 Rubber Specimen-Sealing Gasket—The gasket (Fig.
3.1 This test method is used to measure the rate of flow of
2) is made to fit tightly arounda2by2by2in.(51by51by
air or nitrogen through refractory brick and monoliths and to
51 mm) test specimen. The two tapered metal-gasket holders
thus determine the permeability of tested products.
(Fig. 3) enclose the rubber gasket, and are compressed with a
3.2 This test method is useful in research and development
hydraulic jack (Fig. 4) to seal the gasket tightly against the test
for establishing the relative permeability of products within
specimen.
comparable classes. It may also be used to identify acceptable
products for design purposes and to establish permeability
5. Specimen Preparation
criteria for specification acceptance.
5.1 One 2 by 2 by 2 in. (51 by 51 by 51 mm) specimen shall
be cut from each of four pieces constituting the sample of
material to be tested. The specimen should be cut in such a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
manner as to fit snugly into the gasket.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
5.2 The specimens shall be cut so that three original
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2007.PublishedJuly2007.Originallyapproved
surfacesareretained.Incaseswhereitisdesirabletodetermine
in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C577 – 99. DOI: 10.1520/
C0577-07E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM The apparatus is described in Eusner , G. R., and Shapland, J.T., “Permeability
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on of Blast-Furnace Refractories,” Journal ,Am. Ceramic Soc., Vol. 42, No. 10, 1959,
the ASTM website. pp. 459–464.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´2
C577 − 07
FIG. 1 Permeability Apparatus
the permeability of specimens that show directional differences 6. Procedure
inpermeability,theoriginalsurfacesshallbeidentified,andthe
6.1 Check the system for leaks. This may be accomplished
values dete
...

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ASTM C467-14(2023)(Classification)
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3.1 The mullite content of an alumina-silica refractory material has an important influence on volume stability, load-bearing properties, and its satisfactory use in refractory applications. This classification is considered useful for purchase specifications and quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers refractory products consisting predominantly of mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) crystals that are formed by either converting any of the sillimanite group of minerals, or synthesizing from appropriate materials in a melt or sinter process.  
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Standard Test Method for Evaluating Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Refractories at Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The oxidation of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in the application of these refractories. The product of oxidation is amorphous silica or cristobalite, depending upon the temperature at which oxidation takes place. This oxide formation is associated with expansion and degradation of strength. The quantity of water vapor in the atmosphere greatly affects the rate of oxidation.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the oxidation resistance of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of steam. The steam is used to accelerate the test. Oxidation resistance is the ability of the silicon carbide (SiC) in the refractory to resist conversion to silicon dioxide (SiO2) and its attendant crystalline growth.  
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