ASTM D198-02e1

Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber in structural size by various testing procedures.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:  Sections Flexure 4 to 11Compression (Short Column) 12 to 19Compression (Long Member) 20 to 27Tension 28 to 35Torsion 36 to 43Shear Modulus 44 to 51
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing procedures are given in Table X1.1.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2002
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D198-02 - Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D198-05 - Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
• Effective Date: 01-May-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D4945-17 - Standard Test Method for High-Strain Dynamic Testing of Deep Foundations
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7381-07(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timbers for Piles from Tests of Full-Size Material
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5457-23 - Standard Specification for Computing Reference Resistance of Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections for Load and Resistance Factor Design
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5456-21e1 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1036-99(2017) - Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Wood Poles
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7469-22 - Standard Test Methods for End Joints in Structural Wood Products
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7857-16 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Flexural Properties and Internal Bond Strength of Fire-Retarded Mat-Formed Wood Structural Composite Panels Exposed to Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6874-22a - Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation of the Stiffness of Wood and Wood-Based Materials Using Transverse Vibration or Stress Wave Propagation
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7672-19 - Standard Specification for Evaluating Structural Capacities of Rim Board Products and Assemblies
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7199-20 - Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Reinforced Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) Beams Using Mechanics-Based Models
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8391-22e1 - Standard Specification for Demonstrating Equivalent Fire Performance for Wood-Based Floor Framing Members to Unprotected 2 by 10 Dimension Lumber or Equal-Sized Structural Composite Lumber
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6570-18a(2023)e1 - Standard Practice for Assigning Allowable Properties for Mechanically Graded Lumber
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7341-21 - Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Flexural Properties of Structural Glued Laminated Timber by Full-Scale Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation: D 198 – 02
Standard Test Methods of
1
Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorial updates were made in May 2003.
INTRODUCTION
Numerous evaluations of structural members of solid sawn lumber have been conducted in
accordance with ASTM Test Methods D198–27. While the importance of continued use of a
satisfactory standard should not be underestimated, the original standard (1927) was designed
primarily for sawn material such as solid wood bridge stringers and joists. With the advent of
laminated timbers, wood-plywood composite members, and even reinforced and prestressed timbers,
a procedure adaptable to a wider variety of wood structural members is required.
Thepresentstandardexpandstheoriginalstandardtopermititsapplicationtowoodmembersofall
types. It provides methods of evaluation under loadings other than flexure in recognition of the
increasing need for improved knowledge of properties under such loadings as tension to reflect the
increasing use of dimensions lumber in the lower chords of trusses.The standard establishes practices
that will permit correlation of results from different sources through the use of a uniform procedure.
Provision is made for varying the procedure to take account of special problems.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber in 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
structural size by various testing procedures. D9 Terminology Relating to Wood
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order: D1165 Nomenclature of Domestic Hardwoods and Soft-
2
woods
D2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
Sections
2
Flexure 4 to 11
Wood-Base Materials
Compression (Short Column) 12 to 19
D4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
Compression (Long Member) 20 to 27
2
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
Tension 28 to 35
3
Torsion 36 to 43
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Shear Modulus 44 to 51
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
3
ing
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
procedures are given in TableX1.1. 3
someters
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E6, Terminology D9,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and Nomenclature D1165.Afew related terms not covered in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
these standards are as follows:
3.1.1 span—thetotaldistancebetweenreactionsonwhicha
beam is supported to accommodate a transverse load (Fig. 1).
1
These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Test
Methods and Properties.
2
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
3
published as D198–24. Last previous edition D198–99. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
D 198–02
FIG. 1 Flexure Method
3.1.2 shear span—two times the distance between a reac- imposed between these reactions. The beam is deflected at a
tionandthenearestloadpointforasymmetricallyloadedbeam prescribed rate, and coordinate observations of loads and
(Fig. 1). deflections are made until rupture occurs.
3.1.3 depth of beam—that dimension of the beam which is
perpendicular to the span and parallel to the direction in which 6. Significance and Use
the load is applied (Fig. 1).
6.1 The flexural properties established by this test method
3.1.4 span-depth ratio—the numerical ratio of total span
provide:
divided by beam depth.
6.1.1 Data for use in development of grading rules and
3.1.5 shear span-depth ratio—the numerical ratio of shear
specifications.
span divided by beam depth.
6.1.2 Data for use in development of working stresses for
3.1.6 structural wood beam—solid wood, laminated wood,
structural members.
or composite structural members for which strength or stiff-
6.1.3 Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical
ness, or both are primary criteria for the intended application
properties of structural members.
and which usually are used in full length and in cro
...