ASTM D198-02

Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber in structural size by various testing procedures.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:  Sections Flexure 4 to 11Compression (Short Column) 12 to 19Compression (Long Member) 20 to 27Tension 28 to 35Torsion 36 to 43Shear Modulus 44 to 51
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing procedures are given in Table X1.1.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2002
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D198-99 - Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D198-02e1 - Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5457-23 - Standard Specification for Computing Reference Resistance of Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections for Load and Resistance Factor Design
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5456-21e1 - Standard Specification for Evaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1036-99(2017) - Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Wood Poles
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7469-22 - Standard Test Methods for End Joints in Structural Wood Products
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7857-16 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Flexural Properties and Internal Bond Strength of Fire-Retarded Mat-Formed Wood Structural Composite Panels Exposed to Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6874-22a - Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation of the Stiffness of Wood and Wood-Based Materials Using Transverse Vibration or Stress Wave Propagation
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7672-19 - Standard Specification for Evaluating Structural Capacities of Rim Board Products and Assemblies
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7199-20 - Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Reinforced Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam) Beams Using Mechanics-Based Models
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8391-22e1 - Standard Specification for Demonstrating Equivalent Fire Performance for Wood-Based Floor Framing Members to Unprotected 2 by 10 Dimension Lumber or Equal-Sized Structural Composite Lumber
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6570-18a(2023)e1 - Standard Practice for Assigning Allowable Properties for Mechanically Graded Lumber
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7341-21 - Standard Practice for Establishing Characteristic Values for Flexural Properties of Structural Glued Laminated Timber by Full-Scale Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D5055-19e1 - Standard Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Structural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-Joists
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3737-18e1 - Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 198 – 02
Standard Test Methods of
1
Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Numerous evaluations of structural members of solid sawn lumber have been conducted in
accordance with ASTM Test Methods D 198 – 27. While the importance of continued use of a
satisfactory standard should not be underestimated, the original standard (1927) was designed
primarily for sawn material such as solid wood bridge stringers and joists. With the advent of
laminated timbers, wood-plywood composite members, and even reinforced and prestressed timbers,
a procedure adaptable to a wider variety of wood structural members is required.
The present standard expands the original standard to permit its application to wood members of all
types. It provides methods of evaluation under loadings other than flexure in recognition of the
increasing need for improved knowledge of properties under such loadings as tension to reflect the
increasing use of dimensions lumber in the lower chords of trusses. The standard establishes practices
that will permit correlation of results from different sources through the use of a uniform procedure.
Provision is made for varying the procedure to take account of special problems.
1. Scope D 1165 Nomenclature of Domestic Hardwoods and Soft-
2
woods
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber in
D 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
structural size by various testing procedures.
2
Wood-Base Materials
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
2
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
Sections
3
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Flexure 4 to 11
Compression (Short Column) 12 to 19
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
Compression (Long Member) 20 to 27
3
ing
Tension 28 to 35
E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
Torsion 36 to 43
3
Shear Modulus 44 to 51
someters
3. Terminology
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing
procedures are given in Table X1.1. 3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E 6, Terminology D 9,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the and Nomenclature D 1165. A few related terms not covered in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the these standards are as follows:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.1 span—the total distance between reactions on which a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
beam is supported to accommodate a transverse load (Fig. 1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.2 shear span—two times the distance between a reac-
tionandthenearestloadpointforasymmetricallyloadedbeam
2. Referenced Documents
(Fig. 1).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 depth of beam—that dimension of the beam which is
2
D 9 Terminology Relating to Wood
perpendicular to the span and parallel to the direction in which
the load is applied (Fig. 1).
3.1.4 span-depth ratio—the numerical ratio of total span
1
These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood
divided by beam depth.
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Test
Methods and Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally
published as D 198 – 24. Last previous edition D 198 – 99.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 198–02
FIG. 1 Flexure Method
3.1.5 shear span-depth ratio—the numerical ratio of shear 6.1.1 Data for use in development of grading rules and
span divided by beam depth. specifications.
3.1.6 structural wood beam—solid wood, laminated wood,
6.1.2 Data for use in development of working stresses for
or composite structural members for which strength or stiff- structural members.
ness, or both are primary criteria for the intended application
6.1.3 Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical
and which usually are used in full length and in cross-sectional properties of structural members.
sizes greater than nominal 2 by 2 in. (38 by 38 mm).
6.1.4 Data on strength pro
...