ASTM D2344/D2344M-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials and Their Laminates
Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials and Their Laminates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In most cases, because of the complexity of internal stresses and the variety of failure modes that can occur in this specimen, it is not generally possible to relate the short-beam strength to any one material property. However, failures are normally dominated by resin and interlaminar properties, and the test results have been found to be repeatable for a given specimen geometry, material system, and stacking sequence (4).
5.2 Short-beam strength determined by this test method can be used for quality control and process specification purposes. It can also be used for comparative testing of composite materials, provided that failures occur consistently in the same mode (5) .
5.3 This test method is not limited to specimens within the range specified in Section 8, but is limited to the use of a loading span length-to-specimen thickness ratio of 4.0 and a minimum specimen thickness of 2.0 mm [0.08 in.].
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the short-beam strength of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. The specimen is a short beam machined from a curved or a flat laminate up to 6.00 mm [0.25 in.] thick. The beam is loaded in three-point bending.
1.2 Application of this test method is limited to continuous- or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, for which the elastic properties are balanced and symmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the beam.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2344/D2344M −13
StandardTest Method for
Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
1
and Their Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2344/D2344M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3171Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
Materials
1.1 This test method determines the short-beam strength of
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. The speci-
D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
men is a short beam machined from a curved or a flat laminate
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
up to 6.00 mm [0.25 in.] thick. The beam is loaded in
Composite Materials
three-point bending.
D5687/D5687MGuide for Preparation of Flat Composite
1.2 Application of this test method is limited to continuous-
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites,
tion
for which the elastic properties are balanced and symmetric
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
with respect to the longitudinal axis of the beam.
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in terials
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system must be used independently of the other. Combining Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard. E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E1434Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
E1471Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core
2. Referenced Documents
Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
3. Terminology
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines the terms re-
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
lating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminol-
D2584Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
ogy D883 defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6
Resins
definestermsrelatingtomechanicaltesting.TerminologyE456
D2734TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
and Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the
event of a conflict between definitions, Terminology D3878
1 shall have precedence over the other documents.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on
NOTE 1—If the term represents a physical quantity, its analytical
Lamina and Laminate Test Methods.
dimensionsarestatedimmediatelyfollowingtheterm(orlettersymbol)in
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
fundamental dimension form, using the following ASTM standard sym-
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2344–00R06. DOI:
bology for fundamental dimensions, shown within square brackets: [M]
10.1520/D2344_D2344M-13.
2
formass,[L]forlength,[T]fortime,[Θ]forthermodynamictemperature,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and[ nd]fornondimensionalquantities.Useofthesesymbolsisrestricted
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on to analytical dimensions when used with square brackets, as the symbols
the ASTM website. may have other definitions when used without the brackets.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2344/D2344M−13
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This S
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2344/D2344M − 00 (Reapproved 2006) D2344/D2344M − 13
Standard Test Method for
Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
1
and Their Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2344/D2344M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the short-beam strength of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. The specimen
is a short beam machined from a curved or a flat laminate up to 6.00 mm [0.25 in.] thick. The beam is loaded in three-point
bending.
1.2 Application of this test method is limited to continuous- or discontinuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, for
which the elastic properties are balanced and symmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the beam.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Preparation
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on Lamina and
Laminate Test Methods.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2006Oct. 1, 2013. Published January 2006December 2013. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20002006
ε1
as D2344 – 00 .R06. DOI: 10.1520/D2344_D2344M-00R06.10.1520/D2344_D2344M-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2344/D2344M − 13
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines the terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology D883
defines terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice
E177 define terms relating to stat
...
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