ASTM D5590-00(2010)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay
Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Defacement of paint and coating films by fungal growth (mold, mildew) is a common phenomenon, and defacement by algal growth can also occur under certain conditions. It is generally known that differences in the environment, lighting, temperature, humidity, substrate pH, and other factors in addition to the coating composition affect the susceptibility of a given painted surface. This test method attempts to provide a means to comparatively evaluate different coating formulations for their relative performance under a given set of conditions. It does not imply that a coating that resists growth under these conditions will necessarily resist growth in the actual application.Note 1—It is hoped that a ranking of relative performance would be similar to that ranked from outdoor exposures. However, this test method should not be used as a replacement for exterior exposure (that is, Practice D3456) since many other factors, only a few of which are listed will affect those results.Note 2—Several companies have reported reasonable correlation of results from this test with actual use when testing film-forming, pigmented coatings. Round-robin testing of this test method versus exterior exposure is planned.
4.2 Familiarity with microbiological techniques is required. This test method should not be used by persons without at least basic microbiological training.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for determining the relative resistance of two or more paints or coating films to fungal growth.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5590 − 00 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related
Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week
Agar Plate Assay
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—An editorial change was made in 7.5 in November 2012.
1. Scope meric Materials to Fungi
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for
3. Summary of Test Method
determining the relative resistance of two or more paints or
3.1 This test method outlines a procedure to (1) prepare a
coating films to fungal growth.
suitable specimen for testing, (2) inoculate the specimen with
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the proper fungal species, (3) expose the inoculated samples
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
under the appropriate conditions for growth, and (4) provide a
only.
schedule and guidelines for visual growth ratings. This test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method is not designed to include all the necessary procedures
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to maintain the proper microbiological techniques required to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
provide the most accurate results.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Significance and Use
4.1 Defacement of paint and coating films by fungal growth
2. Referenced Documents
(mold, mildew) is a common phenomenon, and defacement by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
algal growth can also occur under certain conditions. It is
D822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-
generally known that differences in the environment, lighting,
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
temperature, humidity, substrate pH, and other factors in
D3273 TestMethodforResistancetoGrowthofMoldonthe
addition to the coating composition affect the susceptibility of
Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-
a given painted surface. This test method attempts to provide a
ber
meanstocomparativelyevaluatedifferentcoatingformulations
D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests
for their relative performance under a given set of conditions.
theSusceptibilityofPaintFilmstoMicrobiologicalAttack
It does not imply that a coating that resists growth under these
D4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Con-
conditions will necessarily resist growth in the actual applica-
centrating Exposures of Coatings
tion.
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-
NOTE 1—It is hoped that a ranking of relative performance would be
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
similar to that ranked from outdoor exposures. However, this test method
D5031 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of
should not be used as a replacement for exterior exposure (that is, Practice
Paint and Related Coatings
D3456) since many other factors, only a few of which are listed will affect
those results.
G21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Poly-
NOTE 2—Several companies have reported reasonable correlation of
resultsfromthistestwithactualusewhentestingfilm-forming,pigmented
1 coatings. Round-robin testing of this test method versus exterior exposure
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
is planned.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.28 on Biodeterioration.
4.2 Familiarity with microbiological techniques is required.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
This test method should not be used by persons without at least
in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5590 – 00 (2005). DOI:
10.1520/D5590-00R10E01. basic microbiological training.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5. Apparatus and Materials
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.1 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.10 g.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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D5590 − 00 (2010)
5.2 Incubator, or other device capable of maintaining a 7. Preparation of the Fungal Spore Inocula
constant temperature between 25 and 30°C, relative humidity
7.1 Fungal Cultures—Use the following test fungi in pre-
of ≤85 %. 5,6,7,8
paring the inocula:
5 7
5.3 Refrigerator, or other device capable of maintaining a
Fungi ATCC # MYCO #
Aspergillus niger 6275 .
temperature of 4 6 2°C.
Penicillium funiculosum 11797 391
5.4 Petri Dishes, 100 by 15 mm (3.9 by 0.6 in.). Aureobasidium pullulans 9348 .
5.5 Autoclave, capable of producing 103 kPa (15 psi) of NOTE 3—Other organisms may be of specific interest for certain
applications or geographical areas. Such other pure cultures, or isolated
steam pressure at 121°C and maintaining it for a minimum of
wild strains, may be used as agreed upon by the parties involved. These
15 min. An autoclave is not necessary if pre-prepared media
organisms were selected based on the historical data from use in Test
plates are used.
Method D3273.
1 3
5.6 Paint Brush, coarse bristle, 12 to 19 mm ( ⁄2 to ⁄4 in.).
7.2 Maintain stock cultures of these fungi separately on an
appropriate medium such as potato dextrose agar plates or
5.7 Substrate, Filter Paper (Glass fiber, Grade 391, 4.2 cm
slants. The stock culture may be kept for not more than 4
(1.65 in.)) or drawdown paper (unlaquered chart paper 216 by
months at approximately 3 to 10°C (37 to 50°F). Subculture
280 mm (8.5 by 11 in.), cut into ten 216 by 28-mm (8.5 by
individual fungi onto slants or plates 7 to 20 days at 28 to 30°C
1.1-in. strips).
(82 to 86°F) prior to each experiment, and use these subcul-
5.8 Atomizer or Chromatography Sprayer.
tures in preparing the spore suspension.
5.9 Sterile Glass Rods, Forceps, 250-mL Glass Erlenmeyer
7.3 Prepare a spore suspension of each of the test fungi by
Flasks, Test Tubes, and other routine microbiological equip-
pouring into one subculture of each fungus a sterile 10-mL
ment.
portion of water, or of a sterile solution containing 0.05 g/L of
5.10 Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) or Malt Agar.
a nontoxic wetting agent such as sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate.
Swirl or gently agitate the slant or plate to loosen the spores.
5.11 Nutrient-Salts Agar. (see Practice G21, 6.3.)
Carefully aspirate the water and spore suspension with a sterile
5.12 Nutrient-Salts Solution, (see 5.11 without agar).
pasteur pipet (trying to avoid obtaining mycelia).
5.13 Counting Chamber (Hemocytometer) .
7.4 Check the collected spore suspension under the micro-
scope for mycelial contamination and make a note of the
6. Reagents and Materials
relative populations of spores versus mycelial forms.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals should be
7.5 Dilute the spores suspension with sterile nutrient salts
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
solutionsuchthattheresultantsporesuspensioncontains0.8to
all reagents should conform to the specifications of the
1.2 by 10 spores/mL as determined with a counting chamber.
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical
Society, where such specifications are available. Other grades
7.6 Repeat this operation for each organism used in the test.
may be used, provided they are first ascertained to be of
The A. pullulans spores should be maintained separately and
sufficiently high purity to permit use without decreasing the
used as a separate inoculum for a separate set of plates and
accuracy of the determination.
samples. Blend equal volumes of the remaining organisms’
resultant spore suspensions to obtain the mixed spore suspen-
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
sion.
to water are understood to mean distilled water or water of
equal or higher purity.
7.7 Thesporesuspensionmaybepreparedfresheachdayor
may be held in the refrigerator at 3 to 10°C (37 to 50°F) for not
6.3 PDAor MaltAgar plates can be purchased prepared, or
more than 4 days.
the PDAand MaltAgar powder can be purchased and prepared
according to the instructions using standard microbiological
techniques and equipment.
The sole source of supply of Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans
strains known to the committee at this time is theAmericanType Culture Collection
Pre-prepared plates are available from microbiological supply companies, or (ATCC), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852.
they may be prepared using standard microbiological equipment and techniques. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory The sole source of supply of Penicillium funiculosum strain known to the
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia committee at this time is the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 12301
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852.
MD. Historically known as Pullularia pullula
...
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