ASTM D5590-00(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay
Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Defacement of paint and coating films by fungal growth (mold, mildew) is a common phenomenon, and defacement by algal growth can also occur under certain conditions. It is generally known that differences in the environment, lighting, temperature, humidity, substrate pH, and other factors in addition to the coating composition affect the susceptibility of a given painted surface. This test method attempts to provide a means to comparatively evaluate different coating formulations for their relative performance under a given set of conditions. It does not imply that a coating that resists growth under these conditions will necessarily resist growth in the actual application.
Note 1—It is hoped that a ranking of relative performance would be similar to that ranked from outdoor exposures. However, this test method should not be used as a replacement for exterior exposure (that is, Practice D3456) since many other factors, only a few of which are listed will affect those results.
Note 2—Several companies have reported reasonable correlation of results from this test with actual use when testing film-forming, pigmented coatings. Round-robin testing of this test method versus exterior exposure is planned.
Familiarity with microbiological techniques is required. This test method should not be used by persons without at least basic microbiological training.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for determining the relative resistance of two or more paints or coating films to fungal growth.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5590 − 00 (Reapproved2010)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related
Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week
Agar Plate Assay
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for 3.1 This test method outlines a procedure to (1) prepare a
determining the relative resistance of two or more paints or suitable specimen for testing, (2) inoculate the specimen with
coating films to fungal growth. the proper fungal species, (3) expose the inoculated samples
under the appropriate conditions for growth, and (4) provide a
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
schedule and guidelines for visual growth ratings. This test
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
method is not designed to include all the necessary procedures
only.
to maintain the proper microbiological techniques required to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
provide the most accurate results.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Defacement of paint and coating films by fungal growth
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(mold, mildew) is a common phenomenon, and defacement by
algal growth can also occur under certain conditions. It is
2. Referenced Documents
generally known that differences in the environment, lighting,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature, humidity, substrate pH, and other factors in
D822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-
addition to the coating composition affect the susceptibility of
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
a given painted surface. This test method attempts to provide a
D3273 TestMethodforResistancetoGrowthofMoldonthe
meanstocomparativelyevaluatedifferentcoatingformulations
Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-
for their relative performance under a given set of conditions.
ber
It does not imply that a coating that resists growth under these
D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests
conditions will necessarily resist growth in the actual applica-
theSusceptibilityofPaintFilmstoMicrobiologicalAttack
tion.
D4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Con-
NOTE 1—It is hoped that a ranking of relative performance would be
centrating Exposures of Coatings
similar to that ranked from outdoor exposures. However, this test method
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-
should not be used as a replacement for exterior exposure (that is, Practice
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
D3456) since many other factors, only a few of which are listed will affect
D5031 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposure Tests of
those results.
NOTE 2—Several companies have reported reasonable correlation of
Paint and Related Coatings
resultsfromthistestwithactualusewhentestingfilm-forming,pigmented
G21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Poly-
coatings. Round-robin testing of this test method versus exterior exposure
meric Materials to Fungi
is planned.
4.2 Familiarity with microbiological techniques is required.
This test method should not be used by persons without at least
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
basic microbiological training.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.28Biodeterioration.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved 5. Apparatus and Materials
in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5590 – 00 (2005). DOI:
5.1 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.10 g.
10.1520/D5590-00R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Incubator, or other device capable of maintaining a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
constant temperature between 25 and 30°C, relative humidity
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of ≤85 %.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D5590 − 00 (2010)
5.3 Refrigerator, or other device capable of maintaining a 7. Preparation of the Fungal Spore Inocula
temperature of 4 6 2°C.
7.1 Fungal Cultures—Use the following test fungi in pre-
5,6,7,8
paring the inocula:
5.4 Petri Dishes, 100 by 15 mm (3.9 by 0.6 in.).
5 7
Fungi ATCC # MYCO #
5.5 Autoclave, capable of producing 103 kPa (15 psi) of
Aspergillus niger 6275 .
steam pressure at 121°C and maintaining it for a minimum of
Penicillium funiculosum 11797 391
15 min. An autoclave is not necessary if pre-prepared media Aureobasidium pullulans 9348 .
plates are used.
NOTE 3—Other organisms may be of specific interest for certain
applications or geographical areas. Such other pure cultures, or isolated
1 3
5.6 Paint Brush, coarse bristle, 12 to 19 mm ( ⁄2 to ⁄4 in.).
wild strains, may be used as agreed upon by the parties involved. These
organisms were selected based on the historical data from use in Test
5.7 Substrate, Filter Paper (Glass fiber, Grade 391, 4.2 cm
Method D3273.
(1.65 in.)) or drawdown paper (unlaquered chart paper 216 by
7.2 Maintain stock cultures of these fungi separately on an
280 mm (8.5 by 11 in.), cut into ten 216 by 28-mm (8.5 by
appropriate medium such as potato dextrose agar plates or
1.1-in. strips).
slants. The stock culture may be kept for not more than 4
5.8 Atomizer or Chromatography Sprayer.
months at approximately 3 to 10°C (37 to 50°F). Subculture
5.9 Sterile Glass Rods, Forceps, 250-mL Glass Erlenmeyer
individual fungi onto slants or plates 7 to 20 days at 28 to 30°C
Flasks, Test Tubes, and other routine microbiological equip-
(82 to 86°F) prior to each experiment, and use these subcul-
ment.
tures in preparing the spore suspension.
5.10 Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) or Malt Agar.
7.3 Prepare a spore suspension of each of the test fungi by
pouring into one subculture of each fungus a sterile 10-mL
5.11 Nutrient-Salts Agar. (see Practice G21, 6.3.)
portion of water, or of a sterile solution containing 0.05 g/L of
5.12 Nutrient-Salts Solution, (see 5.11 without agar).
a nontoxic wetting agent such as sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate.
5.13 Counting Chamber (Hemocytometer) . Swirl or gently agitate the slant or plate to loosen the spores.
Carefully aspirate the water and spore suspension with a sterile
pasteur pipet (trying to avoid obtaining mycelia).
6. Reagents and Materials
7.4 Check the collected spore suspension under the micro-
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals should be
scope for mycelial contamination and make a note of the
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
relative populations of spores versus mycelial forms.
all reagents should conform to the specifications of the
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical
7.5 Dilute the spores suspension with sterile nutrient salts
Society, where such specifications are available. Other grades solutionsuchthattheresultantsporesuspensioncontains0.8to
may be used, provided they are first ascertained to be of
1.2 by 10 spores/mL as determined with a counting chamber.
sufficiently high purity to permit use without decreasing the
7.6 Repeat this operation for each organism used in the test.
accuracy of the determination.
The A. pullulans spores should be maintained separately and
used as a separate inoculum for a separate set of plates and
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
samples. Blend equal volumes of the remaining organisms’
to water are understood to mean distilled water or water of
resultant spore suspensions to obtain the mixed spore suspen-
equal or higher purity.
sion.
6.3 PDAor MaltAgar plates can be purchased prepared, or
7.7 Thesporesuspensionmaybepreparedfresheachdayor
the PDAand MaltAgar powder can be purchased and prepared
may be held in the refrigerator at 3 to 10°C (37 to 50°F) for not
according to the instructions using standard microbiological
more than 4 days.
techniques and equipment.
The sole source of supply of Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans
strains known to the committee at this time is theAmericanType Culture Collection
Pre-prepared plates are available from microbiological supply companies, or (ATCC), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852.
they may be prepared using standard microbiological equipment and techniques. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory The sole source of supply of Penicillium funiculosum strain known to the
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia committee at this time is the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 12301
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852.
MD. Historically known as Pullularia pullulans.
...
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