ASTM D4092-96
(Terminology)Standard Terminology: Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
Standard Terminology: Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions and descriptions of technical terms used in dynamic mechanical property measurements on polymeric materials, including solutions, melts, and solids. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or sources identified.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years and the year of the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the ASTM committee; for example, ICTA is the International Conference on Thermal Analysis and- ISO is the International Standards Organization, Specifically ISO 472: 1988 (E/F) document.
1.4 Descriptions of terms specific to dynamic mechanical measurements are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.
Note 1—This terminology is similar to ISO 6721-1 1994 in title only. The ISO document cites only 13 terms and this terminology defines 49 relevant terms.
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Designation: D 4092 – 96 An American National Standard
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Dynamic Mechanical Measurements on Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Mechanical Properties, Part 1, General Principles
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions and
3. Terminology Definitions and Descriptions
descriptions of technical terms used in dynamic mechanical
alpha (a) loss peak (in dynamic mechanical measurement)—
property measurements on polymeric materials, including so-
lutions, melts, and solids. Terms that are generally understood the first peak in the damping curve below the melt, in order
of decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. (1981)
or defined adequately in other readily available sources are
either not included or sources identified. beta (b) loss peak (in dynamic mechanical measurement)—
the second peak in the damping curve below the melt, in
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
order of decreasing temperature or increasing frequency.
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years and
the year of the last review or revision is appended. (1981)
complex modulus, E* or G*—the ratio of the stress to strain
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another
standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with where each is a vector that may be represented by a complex
number.
the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the ASTM
committee; for example, ICTA is the International Conference
E* 5 E8 + iE9
on Thermal Analysis and ISO is the International Standards
G* 5 G8 + iG9
Organization, Specifically ISO 472: 1988 (E/F) document.
K* 5 K8 + iK9
1.4 Descriptions of terms specific to dynamic mechanical
where:
measurements are identified with an italicized introductory
E* 5 complex modulus, measured in tension or flexure,
E8 5 storage modulus, measured in tension or flexure,
phrase.
E9 5 loss modulus, measured in tension or flexure,
NOTE 1—This terminology is similar to ISO 6721-1 1994 in title only.
G* 5 complex modulus, measured in shear,
The ISO document cites only 13 terms and this terminology defines 49
G8 5 storage modulus, measured in shear,
relevant terms.
G9 5 loss modulus, measured in shear,
2. Referenced Documents
K* 5 complex modulus, measured in compression,
K8 5 storage modulus, measured in compression
2.1 ASTM Standards:
K9 5 loss modulus, measured in compression, and
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
i 5 –1 , measured in compression.
=
2
Fluids
DISCUSSION—The complex modulus may be measured in tension (
3
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E*), compression (K*), flexure ( E*), or in shear (G*). (1981)
4
D 2231 Practice for Rubber Properties in Forced Vibration
E 6 Definitions of Terms Relating to Methods of Mechani-
complex shear compliance, J *—the reciprocal of complex
5
cal Testing
shear modulus. (1981)
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2.2 ISO Standards:
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ISO 472: 1988 (E/F) Definitions J* 5
G*
ISO 6721-1 1994 (E) Plastics-Determination of Dynamic
complex tensile compliance, D*—the reciprocal of complex
tensile modulus. (1981)
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
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Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical D* 5
E*
Properties.
−1
compliance, C (Pa )—the quotient of strain and stress.
Current edition approved March 10, 1996. Published July 1996. Originally
published as D 4092 – 82. Last previous edition D 4092 – 90.
c 1
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
C 5 5
3
s M
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
D is the tensile compliance; J is the shear compliance; B
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
6
is the bulk compliance; O is the longitudinal compression
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Floor, New York, NY 10036. compliance.
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D 4092
transition. (D-20) (1981)
critical damping (in dynamic mechanical measurement)—that
damping required for the borderline condition between
glass transition temperature, T —the approximate midpoint
g
oscillatory and nonoscillatory behavior. (1983).
of the temperature range over which the glass transition
damping—the loss in energy, dissipated as heat, that results
takes place.
when a material or material s
...
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