ASTM D4092-21

Standard Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions and descriptions of technical terms used in dynamic mechanical property measurements on polymeric materials, including solutions, melts, and solids. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or sources identified.  
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years and the year of the last review or revision is appended.  
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the ASTM committee.  
1.4 Descriptions of terms specific to dynamic mechanical measurements are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.  
Note 1: This terminology standard is similar to ISO 6721–1 however, the ISO document cites fewer terms.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2021
• ICS: 01.040.83 - Rubber and plastics industries (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4092 − 21
Standard Terminology for
1
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D2231Practice for Rubber Properties in Forced Vibration
3
(Withdrawn 1998)
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions and
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
descriptions of technical terms used in dynamic mechanical
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
property measurements on polymeric materials, including
ISO 472:1988 (E/F) Definitions
solutions, melts, and solids. Terms that are generally under-
ISO 6721–11994 (E) Plastics-Determination of Dynamic
stood or defined adequately in other readily available sources
Mechanical Properties, Part 1, General Principles
are either not included or sources identified.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
3. Terminology Definitions and Descriptions
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years and
alpha (α) loss peak (in dynamic mechanical measurement)—
the year of the last review or revision is appended.
the first peak in the damping curve below the melt, in order
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another
of decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. (1981)
standards organization orASTM committee are identified with
the abbreviation of the name of the organization or theASTM
beta (β) loss peak (indynamicmechanicalmeasurement)—the
committee.
second peak in the damping curve below the melt, in order
of decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. (1981)
1.4 Descriptions of terms specific to dynamic mechanical
measurements are identified with an italicized introductory
complex modulus, E*, K*, or G*—the ratio of the stress to
phrase.
strain where each is a vector that may be represented by a
complex number.
NOTE 1—This terminology standard is similar to ISO 6721–1 however,
the ISO document cites fewer terms. E*=E'+iE"
G*=G'+iG"
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
K*=K'+iK"
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the where:
E* = complex modulus, measured in tension or flexure,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
E' = storage modulus, measured in tension or flexure,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
E9 = loss modulus, measured in tension or flexure,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
G* = complex modulus, measured in shear,
G' = storage modulus, measured in shear,
2. Referenced Documents
G9 = loss modulus, measured in shear,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
K* = complex modulus, measured in compression,
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained K' = storage modulus, measured in compression
K9 = loss modulus, measured in compression, and
Fluids
i 5 21 , measured in compression.
œ
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
DISCUSSION—The complex modulus may be measured in tension
(E*), compression (K*), flexure (E*), or in shear (G*). (1981)
1 complex shear compliance, J*—the reciprocal of complex
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
shear modulus. (1981)
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4092-07(2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D4092-21.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4092 − 21
takes place in a specific electrical, mechanical, or other physical
1
J* 5
property. Moreover, the observed temperature can vary significantly,
G*
depending on the specific property chosen for observation
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4092 − 07 (Reapproved 2013) D4092 − 21
Standard Terminology for
1
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions and descriptions of technical terms used in dynamic mechanical property
measurements on polymeric materials, including solutions, melts, and solids. Terms that are generally understood or defined
adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or sources identified.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years and the year of
the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the
abbreviation of the name of the organization or the ASTM committee.
1.4 Descriptions of terms specific to dynamic mechanical measurements are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.
NOTE 1—This terminology standard is similar to ISO 6721–1 however, the ISO document cites fewer terms.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3
D2231 Practice for Rubber Properties in Forced Vibration (Withdrawn 1998)
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 472: 1988 (E/F) Definitions
ISO 6721–1 1994 (E) Plastics-Determination of Dynamic Mechanical Properties, Part 1, General Principles
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2021. Published May 2013October 2021. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 as
D4092 - 07.D4092 - 07(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D4092-07R13.10.1520/D4092-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4092 − 21
3. Terminology Definitions and Descriptions
alpha (α) loss peak (in dynamic mechanical measurement)—the first peak in the damping curve below the melt, in order of
decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. (1981)
beta (β) loss peak (in dynamic mechanical measurement)—the second peak in the damping curve below the melt, in order of
decreasing temperature or increasing frequency. (1981)
complex modulus, E*, K*,orG*—the ratio of the stress to strain where each is a vector that may be represented by a complex
number.
E* = E' + iE"
G * = G' + iG"
K * = K' + iK"
where:
E* = complex modulus, measured in tension or flexure,
E' = storage modulus, measured in tension or flexure,
E9 = loss modulus, measured in tension or flexure,
G* = complex modulus, measured in shear,
G' = storage modulus, measured in shear,
G9 = loss modulus, measured in shear,
K* = complex modulus, measured in compression,
K' = storage modulus, measured in compression
K9 = loss modulus, measured in compression, and
i 5 21 , measured in compression.
œ
DISCUSSION—
The complex modulus may be measured in tension (E*), compression (K*), flexure (E*), or in shear (G*). (1981)
complex shear compliance, J*—the reci
...