ASTM E850-95(2007)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill
Standard Practice for Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for inorganic process wastes that can be used as replacements for natural material such as soil or rock suitable for construction applications. Selection of appropriate and feasible fill materials and selection of applicable materials, tests, and specifications to facilitate construction and environmental protection are the responsibility of the design engineer. This practice is intended to encourage wider utilization of waste materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidance for use of selected process wastes as structural fills by listing representative test methods for predicting and evaluating those physical characteristics of waste that are related to the integrity of fills and to protection of ground and surface waters.
1.2 Table 1 lists references which provide engineering practices and test procedures that may be applied to process waste for use as structural fill.
1.3 Some process wastes may produce leachate that exceeds environmentally acceptable limits. Special provisions are included to accommodate this class of materials (see 7.2).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E850–95 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Practice for
Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as Structural Fill
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This practice provides guidance for use of selected
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
process wastes as structural fills by listing representative test
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
methods for predicting and evaluating those physical charac-
kN-m/m ))
teristics of waste that are related to the integrity of fills and to
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
protection of ground and surface waters.
Water Pycnometer
1.2 Table 1 lists references which provide engineering
D1140 Test Methods forAmount of Material in Soils Finer
practices and test procedures that may be applied to process
than No. 200 (75-µm) Sieve
waste for use as structural fill.
D1452 PracticeforSoilExplorationandSamplingbyAuger
1.3 Someprocesswastesmayproduceleachatethatexceeds
Borings
environmentally acceptable limits. Special provisions are in-
D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
cluded to accommodate this class of materials (see 7.2).
Place by Sand-Cone Method
2. Referenced Documents
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charac-
teristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3 3
ft (2,700 kN-m/m ))
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
crete Aggregates
Barrel Sampling of Soils
C295 Guide for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates
D1587 PracticeforThin-WalledTubeSamplingofSoilsfor
for Concrete
Geotechnical Purposes
C593 SpecificationforFlyAshandOtherPozzolansforUse
D1633 Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded
With Lime for Soil Stabilization
Soil-Cement Cylinders
C821 Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans
D2049 Test Method for Relative Density of Cohesionless
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering De-
Soils
sign and Construction Purposes
D2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength
D421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for
of Cohesive Soil
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
stants
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
Plasticity Index of Soils
D2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for
D559 Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted
Particle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-
Soil-Cement Mixtures
stants
D560 Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
Soil-Cement Mixtures
(Constant Head)
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
ManagementandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD34.03onTreatment,
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
Recovery and Reuse.
D2573 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally
approvedin1982.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002asE850–95(2002).DOI:
Soil
10.1520/E0850-95R07.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Withdrawn; Replaced by D4253.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E850–95 (2007)
D2664 Test Method for Triaxial Compressive Strength of 3.5 fine material—materialfinerthanNo.200(75-µm)U.S.
Undrained Rock Core Specimens Without Pore Pressure standard sieve.
Measurements 3.6 leachate—liquid that has percolated through or passed
D2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated-UndrainedTriaxial over a solid waste or other medium and contains dissolved or
Compression Test on Cohesive Soils suspended materials, or both, from the medium.
D2922 TestMethodsforDensityofSoilandSoil-Aggregate 3.7 process waste— inorganic by-product materials such as
in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) mine tailings, culm piles, coal processing conversion and
D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the combustion wastes, cement and limekiln dust, by-product
Drive-Cylinder Method gypsum,andchemicallytreatedcompositionsmadefromthese
D3017 Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in wastes or waste mixtures.
Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) 3.8 structural fill— man-made deposits of solid materials.
D3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Examples include backfills, landfills, embankments, earth
Consolidated Drained Conditions dams, linings and blankets, foundations, canals, road base,
D3974 Practices for Extraction of Trace Elements from footings, and trenches.
Sediments
4. Significance and Use
D3987 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste
4.1 This practice is intended for inorganic process wastes
with Water
that can be used as replacements for natural material such as
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
soil or rock suitable for construction applications. Selection of
Plasticity Index of Soils
appropriate and feasible fill materials and selection of appli-
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
cable materials, tests, and specifications to facilitate construc-
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
tion and environmental protection are the responsibility of the
Wall Permeameter
design engineer. This practice is intended to encourage wider
utilization of waste materials.
3. Terminology
3.1 cemented materials—materials consisting of one or 5. Determination of Material Characteristics
more substances that develop hardness by chemical reaction
5.1 Table 1 contains representative test methods recom-
after placement of the material in a fill.
mended for determining and evaluating characteristics of
3.2 coarse material— material coarser than a No. 200
process wastes, of either candidate or in situ fill materials.
(75-µm) U.S. standard sieve.
Appropriate numerical values of materials characteristics will
3.3 effective coeffıcient of permeability—the coefficient of
varydependingondesignrequirementsandareselectedonthe
permeability that characterizes a fill and is the result of
basis of accepted engineering practice and regulatory require-
combinedmaterialscharacteristicsandconstructiontechniques
ments. Testing of process wastes that may result in chemical
including compaction, capping, placement of impermeable
reactions or contain cementitious materials should be per-
layers, etc.
formed on specimens that have been cured and aged to
3.4 fill material— material used in the construction of a
duplicate in situ conditions as closely as possible. Examples of
structural fill.
such test procedures are listed in Table 1 under Cemented
Materials. Cured specimens carefully removed from the fill
may be used in carrying out the laboratory or field procedures
4 (Table 1). Solubility of the waste material must be suitable for
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. the intended use.
TABLE 1 Representative Test Methods Recommended for Determining and Evaluating Characteristics of Process Wastes Suitable for
Fill Construction
Test
Characteristics
A
Methods
General:
Laboratory Procedures:
Dry Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis D421
and Determination of Soils Constants
Particle-Size Analysis of Soils D422
Liquid Limit of Soils D4318
Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils D4318
Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and
...
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