ASTM D5724-16(2021)

Standard Specification for Gouache Paints

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints. Covered here are pigments, vehicles, and additives, wherein the requirements for which are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency. Some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification are listed herein. Also, in order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation and the respective test methods for determining relative lightfastness. The conditions not covered in this specification that affect gouache paints are substrate, environmental conditions, storage, vehicles, pigments, additives, inerts, preparation of samples, coarse particles, fineness of dispersions, consistency, freeze-thaw stability, opacity (hiding power), bleeding, and color specification.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.  
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of gouache paints.  
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, and consistency.  
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2021
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• ICS: 97.195 - Items of art and handicrafts. Cultural property and heritage
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.57 - Artist Paints and Related Materials

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D823-17 - Standard Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM D4236-94(2016) - Standard Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health Hazards
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM D1535-14 - Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Refers: ASTM E284-13b - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2013
• Refers: ASTM E284-13a - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D476-13 - Standard Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D1535-13 - Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Refers: ASTM E284-13 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Refers: ASTM D279-02(2012) - Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D823-95(2012) - Standard Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D1535-12a - Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM E284-12 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM D1535-12 - Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012
• Refers: ASTM D476-00(2011) - Standard Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Refers: ASTM D4236-94(2010) - Standard Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health Hazards
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5724 −16 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Gouache Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4236Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic
Health Hazards
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for
D4303Test Methods for Lightfastness of Colorants Used in
composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of
Artists’Materials
gouache paints.
E284Terminology of Appearance
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and addi-
2.2 Other Documents:
tives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, 3
Colour Index
lightfastness, and consistency.
3. Terminology
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness
requirements in this specification. In order to identify other 3.1 Definitions:
pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given 3.1.1 colour index name, n—consists of the category (type
for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining ofdyeorpigment),generalhue,andanassignednumbergiven
relative lightfastness are referenced. to a colorant in the Colour Index as an international identifi-
cation system.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—For example, the Colour Index Name
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is Pigment Blue 15 (PB
only.
15).
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 colour index number, n—a five-digit number given in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the Colour Index that describes the chemical constitution of a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
colorant.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Forexample,theColourIndexNumber
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is 74160.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1 gouache paint, n—a pigment dispersion in a water
soluble gum/resin vehicle that dries water soluble and is
2.1 ASTM Standards:
formulated primarily for relatively opaque and matte applica-
D185Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
tions.
D279Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
D476Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide
3.3 Appearance terms used in this standard are defined in
Products
Terminology E284.
D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
4. Significance and Use
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D1210Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
provides a basis for common understanding among producers,
D1535Practicefor Specifying Color by the MunsellSystem
distributors, and users.
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the require-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D01 on Paint
ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.
andRelatedCoatings,Materials,andApplicationsandisthedirectresponsibilityof
Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification,
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
maycausesomeartiststopreferonebrandoveranother,either
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5724–16. DOI: of which may be acceptable under this specification.
10.1520/D5724-16R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM The Society of Dyers and Colourists, Colour Index, 3rd ed., 5 volumes and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on revisions, Available from the American Association of Textile Chemists and
the ASTM website. Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5724−16 (2021)
TABLE 1 Suitable Pigments List
NOTE 1—Underlined information in the table and lightfastness category shall be included on every label.
KEY
Lightfastness Category:
Lightfastness I Excellent Lightfastness
Lightfastness II Very Good Lightfastness
Abbreviations used in Colour Index Names:
PB Pigment Blue
PBk Pigment Black
PBr Pigment Brown
PG Pigment Green
PO Pigment Orange
PR Pigment Red
PV Pigment Violet
PW Pigment White
PY Pigment Yellow
AR Acid Red
BR Basic Red
Pigment Notations in Parenthesis:
(CC) Concentrated cadmium pigments may contain up to 15 % barium sulfate for color control.
Cadmium-barium pigments contain a much higher content amount of barium sulfate.
(DL) May darken in strong light
(LF) Lightfast type
(NA) Colour index name or number not assigned
(RS) Red shade
(BS) Blue shade
(SM) Sensitive to moisture
(SS) Sensitive to hydrogen sulfide
(OP) Opaque type
Color Index
Ligthfastness Category Common Name and Chemical Class Color Index Number
Name
YELLOWS
PY 3 I Arylide Yellow I0G, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow Light, arylide yellow 11710
PY 6 I Arylide Yellow, arylide yellow 11670
PY 35 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium zinc sulfide (CC), (SM) 77205
PY 37 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfide (CC), (SM) 77199
PY 42 I Mars Yellow or Iron Oxide Yellow, synthetic hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 43 I Yellow Ochre, natural hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 53 I Nickel Titanate Yellow, oxides of nickel, antimony and titanium 77788
PY 65 II Arylide Yellow RN, with option of adding Hanas Yellow RN, arylide yellow 11740
PY 74 2GX70 II Arylide Yellow 2GX70, Hansa Yellow 2GX70, arylide yellow (OP) 11741
PY 109 I Isoindolinone Yellow G, tetrachroloisoindolinone NA
PY 110 I Isoindolinone Yellow R, tetrachroloisoindolinone 56280
PY 139 I Isoindoline Yellow, isoindoline NA
PY 170 II Diarylide Yellow, diarylide yellow 21104
ORANGES
PO 5 I Dinitraniline Orange, dinitraniline (SM) 12075
PO 20 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide 77202
PO 36 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) HL, benzimidazolane 11780
PO 43 I Perinone Orange, perinone (DL) 71105
PO 73 II Pyrrcle Orange, Pyrrolopyrrol NA
REDS
PR 5 II Naphthol ITR, naphthol ITR 12490
PR 9 II Naphthol AS-OL, naphthol AS-OL 12460
PR 14’ II Naphthol AS-D, naphthol AS-D 12380
PR 101 I Mars Red or Iron Oxide Red, synthetic iron oxide 77491
PR 108 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium-seleno sulfide (CC) 77202
PR 113 I Cadmium Vermilion Red Light, Medium or Deep, cadmium mercury sulfide (CC) 77201
PR 122 II Quinacridone (hue designation), γ quinacridone 73915
PR 170 F3RK-70 II Naphthol Red, naphtol carbamide (DL) 12475
PR 188 I Napthol AS, naphthol AS 12467
PV 19 I Quinacridone (hue designation),γ quinacridone red 73900
VIOLETS
PV 14 I Cobalt Violet, cobalt phosphate 77360
PV 19 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone violet b 73900
PV 23 II Dioxadine (hue designation), carbazole dioxazine 51319
BLUES
PB 15 I Phthalocyanine Blue, or Pthalo Blue, copper phthalocyanine 74160
PB 17:1 II Phthalocyanine Blue Lake, or Pthalo Blue Lake, trisulfonated copper phthalocyanine 74200:1
PB 27 I Prussian Blue, Milori Blue, alkali ferric ferrocyanide 77510
PB 28 I Cobalt Blue, oxides of cobalt and aluminum or cobalt aluminate 77346
PB 29 I Ultramarine Blue, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur, or sodium alumino- 77007
sulphosilicate
PB 33 I Manganese Blue, barium manganate with barium sulfate 77112
PB 35 I Cerulean Blue, oxides of cobalt and tin or cobalt stannate 77368
D5724−16 (2021)
GREENS
PG 7 I Phthalocyanine Green, or Phthalo Green, chlorinated copper phthalocyanine 74260
PG 17 I Chromium Oxide Green, anhydrous chromium sesquioxide 77288
PG 18 I Viridian, hydrous chromium sesquioxide 77289
PG 19 I Cobalt Green, oxides of cobalt and zinc, or cobalt zincate 77335
PG 23 I Green Earth, or Terre Verte, natural ferrous silicate containing magnesium and aluminum 77009
potassium silicates
PG 36 I Phthalocyanine Green or Phthalo Green, chlorinated and brominated copper phthalocyanine 74265
A
BROWNS
PBr 7 I Burnt Sienna, calcined natural iron oxide 77492
PBr 7 I Burnt Umber, calcined natural iron oxide containing manganese 77492
PBr 7 I Raw Sienna, natural iron oxide 77492
PBr 7 I Raw Umber, natural iron oxide containing manganese 77492
PBr 11 I Magnesium Ferrite, synthetic iron oxide containing magnesium oxide 77495
PBr 24 I Chrome Titanate Yellow, oxides of chrome, antimony and titanium 77310
PBr 25 I Benzimidazolone Brown, monoazo benzimidazolone 12510
BLACKS
PBk 1 I Jet Black, aniline black 50440
PBk 6 I Lamp Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266
PBk 7 I Carbon Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266
PBk 9 I Ivory Black or Bone Black, amorphous carbon produced by charring animal bones 77267
B
WHITES
PW 4 I Zinc White, zinc oxide with option of adding the name Chinese White 77947
PW 5 I Lithopone, zinc sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77115
PW 6 I Titanium White, titanium dioxide (rutile or anatase) with option of including some barium 77891
sulfate or zinc oxide
PW 7 I Zinc Sulfide, zinc sulfide 77975
A
Color Index Number 77491 can be used as an alternate to 77492 for PBr 7.
B
Information on white pigments is given in Appendix X3.
5. Labeling Requirements lightfastness category may be changed if the mixture is tested
in accordance with Test Methods D4303 and the results
5.1 Pigment(s) Identification:
indicating a different category are submitted to ASTM Sub-
5.1.1 Every label shall include for each pigment contained
committee D01.57 for evaluation.
in the paint the information underlined in Table 1, which
5.1.8 Historical and Discontinued Pigments—Pigmentsthat
includes the Common Name, Colour Index Name, and any
are either (1) primarily of a historical nature, or (2) have not
additional terms necessary to identify the form of the pigment.
beencommerciallymanufacturedforaminimumof10yearsor
5.1.2 The complete pigment identification given in Table 1,
more,maybesubmittedtoSubcommitteeD01.57forinclusion
which also includes the Colour Index Number and a simple
in Table X5.1.
chemical description, shall be given by the producer in an
appropriateelectronicversionorprintedpublication.Manufac-
5.1.8.1 The Common Name(s) of pigments in Table X5.1
turers are encouraged to put this complete identification on the
maybeusedbysubstitutedpigmentswithoutthedesignationof
container label when label size permits.
“Hue” in the title.
5.1.3 The common name shall be placed on the front of the
5.1.8.2 Paints using pigments listed in Table X5.1 may use
label and shall be the name of the paint except as described in
the word “Genuine” in front of the title to differentiate them
5.1.5 and 5.1.6. Other identification may be placed elsewhere
from substituted pigments.
on the container.
5.2 Provide on the Label:
5.1.4 The colour index name may be spelled out in full or
abbreviated depending on the size of the label. Example:
5.2.1 Identification of gum/resin used.
Pigment Blue 15, or Pig. Blue 15 or PB 15.
5.3 Lightfastness—The label shall contain the word “Light-
5.1.5 Substituted Pigments—In the case of substituted
fastness” followed by the appropriate rating, I, or II, as given
pigments, except for those pigments listed in Table X5.1, the
foreachpigmentinTable1,orelseoneofthesecorresponding
word“Hue”inequalsizelettersshallfollowinthetitle,onthe
icons (Fig. 1).
front of the tube, and immediately after the name of the
5.3.1 Lightfastness I pigments, when made into paint speci-
pigment that has been simulated.
mens as described in Section 7 and exposed, tested, and rated
5.1.6 Proprietary names or optional names may be used
in accordance with Test Methods D4303, shall have a color
provided the common name(s) given in Table 1 is listed with
difference (∆E*ab) of 4 or less CIELAB units between the
their Colour Index Names and the Lightfastness Category of
specimens measured before and after exposure.
the mixture somewhere on the label.
5.3.2 Lightfastness II pigments, when made into paint
5.1.7 Mixed Pigments—Artists’paints containing more than
one pigment comply with this specification if all colored specimens as described in Section 8 and exposed, tested, and
rated in accordance with Test Methods D4303, shall have a
pigments included in the mixture are on the suitable pigment
list (Table 1) and provided the mixture itself has passed all color difference (∆E*ab) of more than 4.0 but not more than
8.0CIELABunitsbetweenthespecimensmeasuredbeforeand
other test requirements in this specification.The lightfastness
category shall be that of the least lightfast pigment. This after exposure.
D5724−16 (2021)
6.1.1 Substrate—The effective pH of the paper used will
affect the long-term color of the applied gouache paints.
6.1.2 Environmental Conditions—Factors such as
temperature, humidity, air flow, and light conditions affect
application properties, drying time, and adhesion.
6.1.3 Storage—With aging and elevated temperatures there
maybeachangeinconsistencyandadiscernibleseparationof
vehicle.
6.2 Vehicles—Onlywatersolublegums/resinsshallbeused.
6.3 Pigments—Pigments used in gouache paints shall be
limited to those in Table 1. Their lightfastness rating shall be
the numeral given in the same row.
FIG. 1Lightfastness Rating
6.4 Additives—Thickeners, preservatives, surfactants, and
humectants may be used to achieve consistency, prevent
5.3.3 Pigments were placed in a lightfastness category on
microbe deterioration, and control application results.
thebasisofeitherknownhistoricalperformanceinartworksor
theratingsfromfourlightfastnesstestsconductedasdescribed
6.5 Inerts—Inerts shall only be used to produce desirable
inTest Methods D4303. Results from further tests on these, or
working qualities.
other pigments, are solicited by Subcommittee D01.57.
6.6 Preparation of Sample—For paste and fluid paints,
5.3.3.1 The lightfastness category of a pigment shall be
empty the contents of the previously unopened container onto
changed if results from several further tests conducted in
a glass slab and mix tho
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